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C^DMON'S 


EXODLTS  AND  DANIEL. 


^jditjed  fxom  (^xciu. 


BY 


THEODORE  W.  HUNT,  Ph.D., 

PEOFESSOR  OF  BHETOKIC  AND  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  IN  PRINCETON 

COLLEGE. 


BOSTON : 
GIXN,  HEATH,  AI^D  COMPAXY. 

1883. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1883, 

By  THEODORE  W.  HUNT, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


J.  8.  CusniNQ  &  Co.,  Printers,  115  Hion  Street,  Boston. 


7- 


1  1 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


K>« 

PAGE. 

Preface     ^ 

Introductions  :  — 

General. 

I.   Cgedmon 7 

•  II.   The  Paraphrase 

8 

1.    Source  of  the  Paraphrase 

8 

2.   Structure  and  Moral  Character 

8 

3.   Editions 

10 

4.    Contents 

12 

5.   Caedmon  and  ]\Iilton 

12 

Special.  1.   Theme  and  Plan  of  Poems    . 

13 

2.   State  of  the  Text   . 

13 

3.   Literary  Character. 

14 

Exodus:  Text 

17 

Notes 

65 

Daniel:   Text 

.    37 

Notes 

.    75 

Glossary 

.    85 

PEEFAOE. 


OXE  of  the  most  urgent  needs  which  the  recent  revival  of  in- 
terest in  English  Philology  has  brought  to  light  is  that  of 
American  editions  of  the  best  specimens  of  First  English  Prose 
and  Poetry.  So  difficult  of  access  and  so  expensive  have  the  Ger- 
man, and  even  the  English,  editions  been  found,  that  the  study  of 
the  oldest  English  has  suffered  not  a  little  thereby.  Nor  is  it 
altogether  gratifying  to  the  pride  of  an  ingenuous  American 
scholar  to  feel  that  he  should  be  thus  dependent  upon  foreign 
sources  for  the  best  results  in  this  department.  As  far  as  the  pub- 
lication of  JNIiddle  English  Texts  is  concerned,  the  main  work  has 
been  done,  and  naturally  so,  by  native  English  scholars,  such  as 
Sweet,  Earle,  Skeat,  and  Morris,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Early 
English  Text  Society,  and  kindred  agencies.  As  to  the  work  of 
wiiat  has  been  called  The  Earliest  English  Text  Society,  most  has 
been  done  by  continental  and  English  scholars.  Such  Danes  and 
Germans  as  llask,  Bouterwek,  and  Grein,  and  such  native  English- 
men as  Thorpe,  Bosworth,  Arnold,  and  Kemble,  have  been  foremost 
in  this  arduous  work.  Up  to  a  comparatively  recent  date,  Ameri- 
can scholarship  had  made  no  contributions  to  this  subject.  What 
was  attempted  w'as  rather  in  the  line  of  the  elementary  than  in 
that  of  the  more  advanced  and  critical.  To  Professor  jNIarch  of 
Easton  is  due  the  awakening  of  a  genuine  interest  in  all  that  per- 
tains to  English  speech,  and  more  especially  as  to  its  first  forms 
and  uses.  Since  then,  more  or  less  of  worthy  work  has  been  done 
at  home  by  Corson,  Carpenter,  Cook,  and  Harrison.  To  Professor 
Harrison  of  Lexington  special  meed  is  due  in  beginning  the  editing 
of  the  best  First  English  Poetry,  His  recent  edition  of  Beowulf, 
from  the  text  of  Hejme,  marks  a  new  departure  in  the  critical  study 
of  our  mother  tongue.  It  opens  the  way  for  a  complete  series  of 
editions  accessible  in  American  forms,  and  at  moderate  cost.  The 
present  edition  of  Csedmon's  Exodus  and  Daniel  is  in  the  way  of 
contribution  to  this  needed  work,  and  is  designed  mainly  for  use 


Q  PREFACE. 

in  college  classes.  There  is  no  part  of  our  oldest  poetry  as  good 
as  C.Tdnion  ^^hich  is  so  difficult  of  access  in  tliis  country,  and  of 
which  there  is  more  immediate  need.  The  contemplated  puljlicar 
tion  of  the  first  part,  Genesis,  by  Professor  Price  of  Columbia 
College,  and  the  edition  of  the  second  and  third  parts,  now 
offered,  will  largely  meet  this  need.  It  is  gratifying  to  state  that 
Professors  March,  Baskerville,  and  others  will  take  part  in  the 
series  proposed. 

Of  the  various  texts  of  Credmon,  there  are  four  which  any  editor 
must  have  on  his  table:  Junius,  Thorpe,  Bouterwek,  and  Grein. 
Of  these,  the  last  is  by  far  the  most  valuable,  and  we  shall  adopt  it 
as  the  authoritative  text.  We  shall  prefer  to  give  Grein's  text  pre- 
cisely as  it  stands  in  his  Poesie,  stating  in  our  Critical  Xotes  any 
important  modifications  suggested  by  the  other  editions  referred  to. 

We  deeply  regret  that  A\'iilcker's  llevision  of  Grein,  so  long 
promised,  is  not  yet  at  hand.  This  will  undoubtedly  give  us  a 
text  superior  to  any  now  extant ;  and,  when  it  appears,  may  be 
used  by  the  student  in  the  way  of  helpful  reference. 

In  addition  to  the  text,  with  a  brief  outline  of  its  separate  sec- 
tions, we  shall  give  such  notes  as  may  seem  to  be  needful,  and 
include,  also,  a  brief  and  yet  sufficiently  full  glossary  for  the  aid  of 
the  advanced  student. 

Much  general  introductory  matter,  such  as  the  genuineness  of  the 
Paraphrase,  and  kindred  topics,  we  must  omit  as  properly  belonging 
to  the  editor  of  Genesis,  —  Professor  Price. 

If  the  edition  hereby  offered  aids  a  whit  in  the  better  study  of 
our  home  speech,  and  deepens  the  interest  already  felt  in  a  knowl- 
edge of  its  first  forms,  our  final  end  will  have  been  reached. 

T.  W.  H. 

Princeton  College, 
October,  1883. 


GEIvTEEAL    IlSTTROTJUCTIOl^^". 


I.    C^DMON. 

nnHIS  "  Father  of  English  Song  "  appears  in  the  earliest  Eng- 
-L  lish  history,  and  disappears  from  it,  with  but  a  fact  here  and 
there  to  fix  his  place  and  work.  In  the  account  of  Caedmon  given 
us  by  Alfred,  in  his  translation  of  Bede's  Ecclesiastical  History, 
there  are  found  a  few  incidents  and  statements  which  serve  to 
make  up  his  only  biography.  It  is  suggestive  to  note  that  this 
story  in  Bede  reappears  substantially  in  the  Heliand,  the  old 
Saxon  Paraphrase  of  the  ninth  century.  It  may  further  be  noted 
that  the  fragment  of  song  given  us  in  this  history  is  probably  the 
most  ancient  piece  of  Saxon  poetry  extant. 

From  this  we  learn  the  following  facts  :  That  he  was  a  native  of 
Northumbria,  near  Whitby,  and  lived  in  the  seventh  century ;  that 
he  was  a  convert  from  Paganism,  and  a  member  of  the  Abbey  of 
Hilda ;  that  he  w^as  English  in  heart  and  spiritual  in  life,  singing 
in  his  native  tongue,  and  always  for  holy  ends ;  that  he  was  a 
simple  herdsman  among  his  flocks,  specially  endowed  in  later  life 
with  the  divine  gift  of  poesy ;  that  he  wrote  many  poems ;  that  he 
sang  and  prayed  his  life  away  in  the  love  of  God,  and  died  in 
peaceful  triumph  about  680  a.d. 

All  we  know  of  him  is,  that  he  was  a  pious  monk,  taught  of  God, 
full  of  song  and  Saxon  spirit ;  and  that  out  of  the  fulness  of  his 
heart,  and  for  the  common  weal,  he  sang  of  Creation  and  of  Christ. 


8  GENERAL   INTRODUCTION. 

IT.    THE   PARAPHRASE. 
1.   Source  of  tho  Paraphrase. 

This  poem  by  C.Tdmon,  as  far  as  it  is  extant,  is  especially  im- 
portant to  English  scholars  in  that  it  marks  the  very  beginning  of 
Anglo-Saxon  literature  in  the  seventh  century,  its  close  being 
marked  by  the  completion  of  the  Chronicle  in  1154. 

As  to  its  source,  Bede  and  ^Vlfred  give  us  all  that  is  to  be  given. 
In  Thoi'pe's  edition  of  Gfedmon  we  may  find  a  sufficiently  accurate 
translation  of  this  narrative.  If  this  is  not  accessible,  it  may  be 
found  in  any  good  history  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  or  in  the  Saxon 
t2xt  in  March's  Reader.  The  substance  of  the  record  in  a  few 
words  is,  that  he  was  an  imtaught  herdsman,  ignorant  of  poetry ; 
that,  asleep  among  the  cattle,  he  heard  in  his  dream  a  voice  bidding 
him  sing;  that,  refusing,  he  was  again  commanded  to  sing  the 
origin  of  things,  and  so  began  his  song.  At  the  request  of  the 
abbess,  Hilda,  he  sang  before  all  the  learned,  and  turned  into 
sweetest  verse  all  that  they  taught  him.  Forsaking  the  worldly 
life,  he  joined  the  monks  and  devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  the 
minstrel.  In.  this  simple  manner  the  origin  of  the  Paraphrase  and 
other  poems  has  come  down  to  later  history. 

2.  Its  Metrical  Structure  and  Moral  Character. 

We  find  in  Cipdmon  a  good  example  of  classic  Saxon  prose,  a 
ppecimen  of  the  language  on  the  l)asis  of  which  successful  study 
may  be  conducted.  As  to  the  versification,  it  is  that  which  all  our 
First  English  Poetry  has  in  common.  "We  note  the  presence  of 
alliteration,  both  of  consonants  and  vowels,  and  tlic  uniform  divi- 
sion of  the  line  into  two  sections  (hemistichs),  the  cjcsura  falling 
lietween  them.     We  note  but  few  examples  of  final  and  perfect 


GENERAL   INTRODUCTION.  9 

rhyme.  The  prevailing  type  of  verse  is  tlie  narrative  M'ith  four 
feet  in  each  poetic  section.  The  long  narrative  verse  is  less  fre- 
quent. As  to  accent  or  syllables  determining  the  verse,  we  note 
the  emphasis  of  the  former,  and  this  places  our  earliest  poetry  in 
harmony  with  our  best  modern  poetry. 

Centuries  ago  Bede  stated  the  principle  still  in  force,  that  "  rhythm 
depends  on  the  somid  and  modulation,  and  not  on  an  artificial 
government  of  the  syllables." 

It  may  be  added  that  parallelisms^  which  so  mark  f)]^,  f^f-rn^turft 
of  Hebrew  verse,  are  a  conspicuous  feature  of  the  poetry  in  ques- 
tion, while  there  is  found  the  same  prevalence  of  inetaphor,  indirect 
statement,  inversion,. and  ^abru^Dt  transition  that  marks  all  our  first 
poetryi___^ 

It  is  worthy  of  mention  that  Mr.  Guest,  in  his  English  Hhythms, 
speaks  of  the  special  skill  with  which  Csedmon  manages  his  metres. 

As  to  its  moral  character,  the  Paraphrase  speaks  for  itself.  It  is 
a  free  poetic  rendering  of  Holy  AVrit  to  foster  piety  in  the  hearts 
of  the  people. 

It  was  the  first  attempt  in  English  verse  to  popularize  the  Bible, 
and  thus  places  its  author  in  line  with  the  authors  of  the  Old 
Saxon  Heliand,  with  Orm,  Dante,  Milton,  and  Klopstock,  and  with 
our  own  lamented  Longfellow.  The  poem  is  spiritual  throughout, 
and  opens  a  question  ill  to  solve,  as  to  the  presence  in  a  converted 
pagan  of  such  clear  and  high  views  of  truth.  It  would  be  a  study 
of  no  little  interest  to  the  student  of  theology  to  note  the  manner 
in  which  this  "  good  monk  of  Whitby  "  paraphrases,  in  the  seventh 
century,  the  Scriptural  account  of  the  fall  of  man  and  kmdred 
doctrines. 

There  are  reformers  before  the  reformation,  and  Ceedmon  pre- 
pares the  way  for  the  great  work  of  AYiclifL  and  his  successors. 


10  GENERAL   INTRODUCTION. 


3.  Editions. 

Of  the  old  manuscript  but  one  copy  exists.  Found  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  by  Usher,  it  came  from  him  to  Junius,  who  printed 
it  at  Amsterdam  in  1G55.  The  manuscript  was  given  by  Junius  to 
the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  where  it  is  still  preserved. 

Its  probable  date  is  731  a.d.  It  is  so  defective  that  there  must 
be  much  conjectural  rendering,  and  much  that  after  all  study  must 
remain  hypothetical.  To  reduce  these  hypotheses  has  been  the 
main  object  of  Dr.  Grein. 

The  manuscript  is  a  small  folio  in  parchment  of  229  pages. 
Book  I.,  made  up  of  212  of  these  pages,  is  written  in  a  good  hand, 
and  is  apparently  of  the  tenth  century,  no  religious  Saxon  manu- 
script being  found  earlier.  The  remaining  17  pages  (Book  II.) 
are  imperfect  in  style  and  handwriting,  and  are  probably  later. 

On  the  basis  of  this  first  text  various  editions  have  been  given. 

a,  Junius.  As  already  stated,  this  was  prepared  at  Amsterdam 
in  1G55,  a  quarto  edition.  It  is  given  in  the  Old  Saxon  without 
translation  or  comment,  and  often  confuses  the  sense  by  the 
improper  use  of  the  metrical  point.  It  is  very  valuable,  however, 
in  being  the  first  authentic  edition,  and  as  opening  the  way  for 
later  and  better  work. 

&,  CoNYBEARE  (182G-7).  This  edition  is  found  in  the  author's 
Illustrations  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry,  edited  by  his  brother.  It 
is  but  partial,  and  includes  Hymn  of  Ccvdmon,  Speech  of  Satan 
(Genesis),  The  Delufje  (Exodus),  The  Overthrow  in  the  Red  Sea 
(Exodus). 

It  was  by  reason  of  this  incomplete  edition  that  Mr.  Thorpe  was 
induced  to  prepare  another. 

c.  TiiOKPE  (1831-2).  This  ranks  as  the  first  Anglo-Saxon  pub- 
lication of  the  Society  of  Anti(iuaries  iii  London.     They  assumed 


GENERAL   INTRODUCTION.  U 

the  entire  expense  of  the  edition,  and  enabled  the  editor  to  issue  it 
in  the  most  thorough  and  scholarly  form.  The  text  is  given  in 
Old  Saxon,  and  is  translated.  By  reason  of  the  rareness  of  the 
work  at  this  date,  it  is  out  of  the  reach  of  most  students.  The 
edition  is  based  on  the  Bodleian  manuscript,  and  is  given  with 
preface,  notes,  and  a  valuable  verbal  index.  Whatever  its  defects 
of  text  and  translation,  it  supplied  an  nrgent  need. 

d,  BouTERWEK  (1849).  This  edition  is  an  exhaustive  one. 
The  introduction  —  literary  and  historical  —  is  divided  into  eight 
sections.  Then  follows  the  text  with  critical  notes,  the  translation 
into  German  prose  with  criJiical  notes,  and  the  Glossary,  in  Saxon 
and  Latin,  with  explanations  and  suggestions.  It  closes  with  an 
Anglo-Latin  verbal  index,  and  an  index  of  related  Anglo-Saxon 
words.  vp 

e,  Grein  (1857).  This  differs  from  Bouterwek  and  Thorpe  in 
being  untranslated,  and  more  especially  in  constituting  but  a  part 
of  a  large  collection  of  Saxon  verse  (Grein's  Poesie).  Every  Eng- 
lish scholar  must  deeply  regret  the  untimely  death  of  Grein  in  that 
a  corresponding  collection  of  Saxon  prose  was  planned  and  begun. 

Prof.  March  is  right  when  he  says  that  "  special  students  of 
Saxon  must  spend  their  days  and  nights  with  Grein." 

This  edition  of  poetry,  including  Csedmon,  is  accompanied  with 
valuable  notes,  and  a  glossary  which  has  no  superior  in  modern 
scholarship.  In  Grein's  first  notice  of  the  Dichtungen  der  Angel- 
sachsischen  (1857)  he  translates  the  poem  on  the  basis  of  alliter- 
ation. 

The  revision  of  Grein  promised  by  Wulcker  will  be  awaited  with 
great  eagerness,  as  making  a  text  already  excellent  still  more 
correct. 

/.  Ettmijller.  In  his  Scopas  and  Boceras  we  find  substan- 
tial parts  of  Genesis,  and  of  Christ  and  Satan. 


12  GENERAL   INTRODUCTION. 


4.  Contents  of  Paraphrase. 

Book  T.,  O^Pnesis,  203')  lines;/ Exodus,  589  lines;  Daniel,  765  lines.)  Book  II., 
Christ  and  Satan,  7:53  lines.  Thi^  second  book  is  paraphrased  from  the  2^ew  Testa- 
ment, and  is  in  every  way  inferior  to  the  first.  To  these  books  some  editors  add  The 
Soni/ of  Azariah  Mu\  The  Sonff  of  the  Three  Chihlrev.  According  to  Bede,  the 
Paraplirase  is  but  a  part  of  Caedmon's  authorship.  The  full  discussion  of  the 
authenticity  of  ( 'aednion,  and  a  complete  bibliograjjhy  of  the  poem,  is  naturally  left 
to  the  editor  of  Genesis,  the  first  and  largest  poem  of  the  collection. 


6.  Caedmon  and  Milton. 

The  history  of  opinion  on  this  subject  is  full  of  interest.  As  favoring  a  close 
relationship,  we  note  the  names  of  Turner,  Nicholson,  Thorpe,  Conybeare,  Southey, 
and  Taine,  while  such  cautious  writers  as  March  and  Morley  hesitate  not  to  give  this 
theory  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  Mr.  Disraeli,  in  his  Amenities  of  Literature,  devotes 
an  entire  chapter  to  the  subject,  and  takes  strong  ground  against  the  theory  of  literary- 
relation.  The  final  settlement  of  this  question  is  impossible.  The  facts  are  too  few 
to  warrant  it.  Each  author  had  access  to  the  ©ble,  and  to  biblical  and  mythical 
traditions,  and  drew  from  these  common  sources.  The  coincidences  are  striking: 
each  poem  is  in  a  sense  a  ])araphrase  of  Scripture;  each  is  an  epic  and  on  the  same 
theme;  each  opens  with  the  same  scene,  the  fall  of  the  angels,  and  proceeds  in  a 
somewhat  similar  manner.  As  to  Satan's  rebellion  prior  to  the  creation  of  man,  and 
his  consignment  with  J^J^allen  angels  to  darkness  and  despair,  they  fully  agree. 
The  source  whence  t™^»erived  this  tradition,  Persian  or  Chaldean,  must  have  been 
the  same.  Each  poeiirfroints  to  the  East  as  the  place  of  origin,  and  many  of  the 
scenes  and  actors  are  the  same.  As  to  more  specific  resemblances,  we  may  note  the 
description  of  Satan  and  his  fall;  of  hell  and  heaven;  of  Adam  and  Eve,  and  the 
6i)eech  of  Satan  to  his  rebel  hosts.  These  coincidences,  however,  need  not  be 
regarded  as  ])roving  identity  or  even  actual  imitation  of  plan.  It  is  further  to  be 
noted  that  these  similarities  are  found  in  Ca'dmon's  Genesis  only,  the  subject-matter 
of  the  other  portions  being  outside  of  Milton's  purpose.  Even  in  Genesis  there  is  a 
large  part  taken  up  with  the  history  of  Abraham,  a  topic,  also,  apart  from  Milton's 
aim.  Moreover,  the  I'araphrase  is  based  upon  the  Apocrypha  as  weil  as  on  the 
Canonical  Scriptures.  This  collection  of  books  is  not  endorsed  by  the  Puritan  poet. 
A  word  in  reference  to  the  historical  relation  of  tliese  two  poets  is  here  essential. 
The  MS.  of  Junius  (IG'):"))  niay  have  been  accessible  to  Milton.  Morley  writes: 
"Milton  knew  Junius  [Caidmon's  first  editor],  and  was  interested  in  his  studies." 
The  objection  by  Disraeli,  that  the  MS.  was  too  i)recious  to  be  loaned  bj-  Junius,  ia 
unworthy  of  notice.  To  the  graver  objection,  that  the  poet  could  not  haveeread  it  iu 
Sa.xon,  it  may  be  said,  that  ^^fillon  was  a  careful  student  of  the  earlier  times.  A  few 
years  before  this  he  prepared  a  history  of  England  up  to  the  Norman  Conquest  in 
which  he  makes  reference  to  the  old  authors.  It  is  known  that  he  was  an  Oriental 
scholar,  and  thoroughly  versed  in  the  Modern  European  Tongues,  including  some 
knowledge  of  the  LowDutch,  so  akin  to  the  Sa.xon.  Under  the  English  government 
he  was  "secretary  for  foreign  tongues."  The  argument  here  is,  that  it  would  not 
have  been  strange  had  such  a  linguist  been  able  to  read  the  Sa.\on  of  Junius.  If  not, 
the  meaning  could  have  been  made  known  to  him  by  Junius  or  Somner  or  others. 
IjV  reason  of  the  ])()et's  blindness  (1G.')4)  this  was  probably  the  case.  Between  the 
cilition  of  Junius  (IGou)  and  the  finishing  of  Par.adisc  Eost  (1001)  there  is  a  i)eriod  of 
six  years  of  possible  reference  to  Cajdmon.  In  fact,  Milton's  epic  was  not  published 
till  1067,  twelve  years  after  Junius.  The  plausible  theory,  that  iv  great  i)oet  cannot 
be  indebted  to  his  predecessors,  is  a  mere  liyjiothesiH,  anil  facts  are  against  it.  The 
]'2ngland  of  .Milton  had  somelliiug  to  learn  from  Bede  and  .\lfred.  "We  add  the 
HUggestion,  that,  in  an  epic  upon  the  fall  of  man,  tlu;  strong  pretuuuptivc  evidence  is  that 
Milton  consulted  any  existing  epic  upon  a  similar  theme.  A  translation  by  P>osanquet 
•  (1800)  of  the  Miltonic  portions  of  Caidmon  into  English  Heroic  Verse,  fanciful  as 
much  of  it  is,  is  a  valid  proof  (jf  some  substantial  connection.  He  entitles  his  work, 
"The  Paradise  Lost  of  (.'a^lmon."  "  Without  doubt,"  says  Wiilcker,  "the  Genesis 
of  Caedmon  had  made  a  deep  Jnipression  upon  the  religious  poet." 


« 


SPECIAL   INTRODUCTION. 


1.  Theme  and  Plan  of  the  Poems. 

THE  subject  of  Exodus  is  The  Departure  of  Israel  from  Egypt, 
their  Sojourn  under  Moses  in  the  Wilderness,  and  their  Pas- 
sage through  the  Ked  Sea  to  Hie  Land  of  Promise.  Other  portions 
of  the  Book  of  Exodus,  as  given  in  the  Pentateuch,  are  omitted. 
The  subject  of  Daniel  is  The  Deliverance  of  tha  Three"  Hebrews 
from  the  Fiery  Furnace.  The  poet  takes  the  record,  as  in  Exodus, 
from  the  Old  Testament,  giving  a  faithful  paraphrase  of  the  first 
five  chapters  of  the  Book  of  Daniel.  For  the  sake  of  clearness 
the  fii'st  of  these  poera|k  may  be  divided,  as  in  Grein,  into  eight 
sections,  and  the  sec^ayinto  five.  The  topics  of  the  respective 
sections  will  best  be  aiven  in  connection  with  the  text.      * 


2.   State  of  the  Text. 

In  common  wdth  other  parts  of  Caedmon,  and  nearly  all  our 
earliest  writers,  the  text  is  more  or  less  unsatisfactory.  Among 
the  eight  sections  of  Exodus  there  is  one  (VI.)  that  seems  to  have 
been  bodily  interpolated,  while  in  the  third  section  of  Daniel  there 
is  a  very  loose  paraphrase  of  Azarias  as  given  in  T&e  Codex  Exoni- 
ensis,  or  Exeter  Book.  The  additio^of  single  w^ords  and  lines  is 
verj^  common,  as  also  their  omission^*  In  the  best  editions  there 
are  several  textual  gaps  which  the  editors  do  not  pretend  to  supj^ly. 
In  many  other  places  no  one  can  be  dogmatic  as  to  the  rendering. 
Despite  these  facts,  however,  the  substantial  correctness  and  unity 
of  Exodus  and  Daniel  are  preserved. 


14  *  SPECIAL  INTRODUCTION. 


3.  Literary  Character. 


The  cast  of  the  poems  is  lyrical  as  well  as  epic.  Moses  and 
Pharaoh,  Daniel,  Xebuchadnezzar,  Belshazzar,  and  the  Hebrew  chil- 
dren are  the  prominent  figm-es,  while  the  praises  of  Jehovah  and 
his  servants  are  sung  in  fervid  strain.  They  afford  one  of  the  best 
examples  in  our  literature  of  the  [combination  of  the  narrative 
style  proper  to  the  epic,  with  the  freer  descriptive  style  of  impas- 
sioned verse. \  Where  they^lack  in  smoothness  of  historical  order 
they  abound'in  imaginative  sketching  of  persons  and  scenes.  )  Some 
of  the  descriptions  are  as  bold  and  vivid  as  those  of  Beowulf,  "  the 
Saxon  Homer."  In  this  respect  they  surpass  Genesis,  and  have 
always  been  regarded  as  poems  of  rare  interest,  especially  charac- 
teristic of  early  Teutonic  literature.  They  are  in  the  department 
of  the  sacred  epic  what  Be'bwulf  is  in  the  historico-mythical  epic, 
marked  by  the  old  Gothic  dash  and  daring. 

Their  influence  is  stimulating.  They  ^t?  the  blood.  They  are 
a  bold  testimony  by  a  converted  Pagan  to-the  power  of  Jehovah 
on  behalf  of  his  oppressed  people.  We  think,  as  we  read  them,  of 
the  most  stu-ring  battle  songs  of  the  Bible,  and  of  secular  letters. 
They  have  the  same  martial  spirit.  It  is  for  reasons  such  as  these 
that  we  have  deemed  it  wise  to  place  these  poems  in  reach  of 
American  students.  It  is  hoped  that  they  will  aid  in  the  critical 
study  of  First  English,  and  infuse  into  the  modern  Teuton  some- 
thing of  that  Saxon  vigor  to  whicli  he  has  rightful  heirship. 


C^DMON'S 
EXODUS  Al^J)  BANIMj. 


EXODUS. 


I. 

Eeference  to  the  Laws  of  Moses.  —  Praise  of  Moses.  —  His 
relation  to  Pharaoh.  —  God's  words  to  Moses  as  to  the 
creation.  —  God's  visitation  upon  Egypt.  —  Spoiling  of  the 
Egyptians  and  rescue  of  Israel.  —  The  first  encampment.  — 
Continuance  of  the  March.  —  Encampment  at  Etham. 

Hwset !  we  f eor  and  neali  gefrigen  liabbaS 

ofer  middangeard  Moyses  d6mas    ' 

wrseclico  word-riht  wera  cn^rissum, 

in  uproder  eadigra  geliwam 
5  aefter  bealusl^e  b6te  lifes, 

lif gendra  gehwam  langsumne  r^ed 

hseleSnm  secgan  ;  gehyre  se  pe  wille  ! 

pone  on  westenne  weroda  drihten 

s65faest  cyning  mid  his  s^lfes  miht 
10  gewyrSode  and  him  wundra  fela 

^ce  alwalda  in  aeht  forgf  af . 

He  W8es  l^of  gode,  Idbda  aldor, 

horse  and  hreSergl(^w  herges  wisa, 

freom  folctoga.     Faraones  C3'^n  <»i  -, 

15  godes  andsacan  gyrdwTO  band, 

])ser  him  gesealde  sigora  waldend 

mddgum  magorseswan  his  mdga  feorh, 

onwist  d61es  Abrahames  suninn.,» 

Note.  — The  student  is  referred  to  the  Notes  for  all  the  important 
differences  between  the  text  of  Grein  and  that  of  other  editors. 


18  EXODUS.  [19-53. 

Ildali  waes  |>fct  handl^an  and  him  hold  fr^ 
20  gesealde  woepiia  geweald  wiS  \vTA.(^ra  gryre  : 

ofcrcom  mid  )  y  canip^  cndbmAga  fela,  ,     , 

fdbnda  folciiht.     jTa  wj^s  forma  slcS,  C>roa^1ir  '  "  '  "^   o 

J'fet  hiue  weroda  god  wordum  iinegde, 

]'aer  he  him  gescegde  s65wuiidra  fela, 
25  ht  p^s  woruld  worhte  witig  drihten, 

eorSan  ymbhwyrft  and  nprodor 

gesette  sigerice,  and  his  sylfes  naman, 

pone  yldo  beam  asr  ne  cilc^on, 

fr6d  faedera  cyn,  ]^ali  hie  fela  wiston. 
30  Ilaefde  he  p4  geswiSed  s6Sum  crseftum 

and  gewurfiodue  werodes  aldor 

Faraones  f^nd  on  forSwegas,  '' 

I  A  wnes  iu-g^re'ealdnm  witnm    ' 

d^a56  gedrenced  drihtfolca  msest : 
35  hordwearda  hiyre  helif  waes  geniwad, 

swaefon  seledr^amas  siuc^  berofene  ; 

hiefde  mA,nscea6an  let  middere  niht 

fr^cne  gefylled,  frumbearua  fela,  W  '  "^  '  "'■ 

Abroccne  burhweardas  :  bana  wide  scrdS, 
40  1A3  l^dhata.     Land  dr^smyde 

d(fadra  hraewum  :  diigoS  forS  gewdt, 

w6p  waes  wide,  worulddr^ama  lyt ! 

wicron  lileahtorsmiSuiii  handa  beloceue, 

Alyfed  ItidsiS  IcQ^de  gr^tan, 
45  folc  fSrende  :  f^nd  waes  berdafod,    ^ 

hergas  on  helle.     IIeofon-]>ider  becom, 

druron  d(3bfolgyld.     IJaeg  wies  nu\?rc 

ofer  middangeard,  ]Ci  sdb  mengeo  f6r, 

swA  J'aes  faesten  drcQith  fela  missera 
50  ealdwt'i'ige  Egypta  folc, 

paes  pe  hie  w!de-fer(5  wyrnan  pohton 

Moyses  inAgnm,  gif  hie  metod  16te, 

onlangne  lust  Ic^fes  siSes. 


54-79.]        ■  EXODUS.  19 

Fyrd  Mvves  gcfysed,  from  se  ]:e  laeddo 
55  m6dig  niagonTiswa  mpegburli  lieora. 

Oferf6r  he  mid  ]j  folce  frestena  worn 

land  and  l^dweard  lAcSra  manna, 

enge  dnpaSas,  nncfi5  gehid, 

65  ])SBt  hie  on  GftSm^rce  gearwe  bseron ; 
60  wseron  land  heora  lyf t?heLn6  be|)eaht 

mearchofn  m6rheald  :  Mo^'ses  ofer  pd 

fela  meoringa  fyrde  geU^edde. 

H6ht  ]>^  ymb  twA,  niht  tirfnestne  haelet^,  ,^/v 

si56an  hie  f^ndum  6Sfaren  haefdon, 
65  ymbwicigean  werodes  bearhtm^ 

mid  aelfere  Ethanes  byrig 

maegnes  msest^  mearclondu 


II. 

The  protection  of  the  people  by  Jehovah.  —  The  third  encamp- 
ment. —  The  pillar  of  cloud  and  of  fire.  —  The  joyful 
breaking  of  camp. —  The  heavenly  beacon. —  The  approach 
to  the  sea.  —  Encami^ment  at  the  Red  Sea. 

Nearwe  gen^Sdon  on  nort^wegas, 

wiston  him  be  sASan  Sigelwara  land, 
70  forbaerned  burhhleoSu,  brftne  It^de 

hdtum  heofoncolum.     paer  lialig  god 

wis  fserbryne  folc  gesC3dde, 

byelc6  oferbrffidde  byrnendne  heofon, 

hMgan  nett^  h^twendne  lyft. 
75  Hififde  wederwolcen  widum  faeSmnm 

eoii5an  and  iiprodor  efne  gedaeled, 

Isedde  l(^dwerod  :  ligfyr  Mranc 

hAt  heofon torht.     HaeleS  wafedon,  . 

drihta  gediymost.     Daegscealdes  hl^ 


20  EXODUS.  [80-114. 

80  wand  ofer  wolcnum  :  linefdc  witig  god 

siiunan  slSfset  segle  ofertoldeu, 

swA  jiA  mnest-rApas  men  no  cfiSon 

ne  ]>h.  segli"6de  ges^n  mealiton 

eoreibftende  eall6  crieft6, 
85  ht  ^fiestnod  waes  feldhfisa  msest. 

SiS(5an  he  mid  wuldre  geweoi-^ode 

]'^den  liolde,  ]^k  wiBS  pridda  wic     l^i .  ,/-     ^       UL4^JJ^"Mv 

folce  t6  frofre :  fyrd  eall  geseah, 

hfi  paer  hlifedon  h^lige  segias, 
90  l^^ftwundor  l^ht ;  l^de  ong^ton, 

dugoS  Israh^la,  ])aet  pser  drihten  cwom, 

weroda  drihten,  wicsteal  metan. 

Him  beforan  fdran  ffr  and  wolceu 

in  beorht-rodor,  b^amas  twegen, 
95   pdra  seghwseSer  efn-gedselde 

h^ahpegnunga  hdliges  gd^stes 

d^rm6dra  slS  dagiim  and  nihtum. 

])k  ic  on  morgen  gefrregn  m6des  rdfan 

hebban  hereb^'man  hlMan  stefnnm, 
100  wnldres  w6man.     Werod  eall  dras, 

mddigra  mnegen,  swd  him  Moyses  beb^ad 

m£ere  magorseswa  metodes  folce, 

ffts  f yrdgetrnm  :  forS  gesdwon 

lifes  l{itp(^w  liftwcg  metan. 
105  Segl  siSe  w^ld,  sre-men  ffifter 

fdron  fl6dweg6  ;  folc  wvgh  on  sAlnm, 

hhld  hergcs  cyrm.     Heofonb^acen  dstdh 

lefena  gehwam  :  6c5er  wundor 

syllic  aefter  snnnan  setlrAde  beheld 
110  ofer  Idbdwernm  lige  sdnan, 

byrnende  b^ani.     Blace  st^don 

ofer  sc^tendum  sch'o  l^raan, 

scinon  scyl(lhrt^(San,  sceado  swi?5redons 

neowlc  nihtscuwan  neah  ne  mihton 


115-141.]  EXODUS.  21 

115  lieolstor  Ahydan.     Heofoncandel  beam  : 

niwe  nihtweard  nide  sceolde 

wiciau  ofer  werediim,  ]>y  lies  him  westengryrd 

h4r  hae^  holmegum  wedrum 

6  f(§rclamm^  ferhS  getwaefde. 
120  HtTsfde  foregenga  fj^rene  loccas, 

bl^ce  beOimas,  b?el-egsan  liw^p 

])am  herepre'ate,  hi1.tan  lig6, 

fset  he  on  w^steniie  werod  forbaernde, 

nymSe  hie  mddhwate  Moyses  hjrde. 
125  Sce^n  scir  werod,  scyldas  lixton  ; 

ges^won  randwigan  rihtre  strsete 

segn  ofer  swe^tiim,  66  pset  saefsesteu 

landes  set  eiide  l^dmasgne  forstod, 

fAs  on  forSweg.     Fj'rdwic  dr^s, 
130  wyrpton  hie  w^rige  ;  wiste  gensegdon 

mddige  metepegnas  hyra  maegen  l)dtan. 

Brseddon  aefter  beorgum,  siSSan  bj'me  sang, 

flotan  f eldhfisum  :  ])4  waes  fdbrSe  wic 

randwigeua  raest  be  ])am  re'adan  sse.      ^  '  '  •  "^ 

■'  -A' 

III. 

Fear  of  Pharaoh  m  pursuit.  —  Sins  of  Egypt.  —  Pursuit  by 
Pharaoh  and  his  host. — Increasing  terror  of  the  people. — 
PreiKiration  for  battle. 

135       pser  on  fyrd  hyra  fierspell  becwom, 

6ht  inlende  :  egsan  st6dan, 

wselgryre  weroda.     AYrsecmon  gebM 

l^Sne  lAstweard,  se  j^e  him  lange  ser 

^Sell^asum  6ht-nied  gescr^f, 
140  w^an  witum  fsest :  waere  ne  gymdon, 

pdah  ])e  se  yldra  cyning  aer  ge[ti8ode], 


22  EXODUS.  [142-170. 

)>4  [he]  wearb  yrfeweard  in-gefoHa 

manna  peftcr  maSmiim,  ])set  he  swfi  miceles  ge]fM\ : 

ealles  j'aes  forg^ton,  siStian  grame  wurdou 
145  P^gypta  cyn  ymb  and  wig, 

^d  lieo  his  nuegwinum  morSor  fremedon, 

wr6ht  berenodon,  woere  fraeton. 

■\Vferon  lieaSowyhnas  heortan  getenge, 

mihtm6d  wera  mAniim  tr^owuni : 
150  woldon  hie  j'set  feorhl^an  fticne  gyldau, 

])aette  he  ]  jet  da^gweorc  dr^re  gebohte, 

Moyses  l^de,  ])aer  him  mihtig  god 

on  ]'am  spildsiSe  sp^de  forg^fe. 

pk  him  eoiia  m6d  ortr^^we  wearS, 
155  siSSan  hie  gesdwon  of  sftSwegum 

fyrd  Faraones  forS  ongaugan, 

oferholt  wegan,  ^red  lixan, 

])Afas  ])unian,  )j^d  mearc  tredan : 

garas  trymedon,  gfiS  hwearfode, 
IGO  blicon  ])ordhr^5an,  b}'mau  sungon. 

On  hwjel  hrdbpon  herefugolas 

hilde  graedige  ;   [hrsefen  g61] 

d^awigfeSere  ofer  driht-n6um, 

wonn  waelc^asega. .   Wulfas  sungon 
1G5  atol  iefenldbd  fietes  on  wt>nan, 

carl^asan  d^is  cwyld-r6f  b^dan 

on  ld8ra  Id-st  le^dmaegnes  fyll, 

hr^pon  mearcweardas  middum  nihtum  : 

fl(rah  faege  gdst,  folc  waes  ge nagged. 
170  Ilwlhmi  of  )'am  werode  wlance  pegnas 

mieton  milpacSas  meara  b6gum. 

Him  \)xv  sigecyning  wiS  j'one  segn  foran 

manna  j^engel  mearcju'^ate  ifid  ; 

gAftweard  gumena  grlmliehn  gesp(^n 
175  cining  cinberge  (ciimbol  lixton) 

wtges  on  w6num,  wailhlencan  sce6c, 


177-207.]  EXODUS.  23 

Mht  his  hereciste  healdan  goorne 

faest  fyrdgetrum.     F^nd  ons^goii 

l:^Sum  eagum  laiidmanna  C3'me. 
180  Ymb  hiiie  waegon  wigend  unforhte, 

h^re  heorowulfas  hilde  g-retton 

J^urstige  ]>rsecwiges  p^deii  holde. 

Hagfde  him  alesen  l^da  diige^e 

tir-^digra  tw4  jmsendo, 
185  past  waeron  cyningas  and  cn^wmiigas, 

ou  j^aet  e'ade  riht  seSelura  dt^re  ; 

for]5on  4iira  gehwilc  fit  ^l^edde 

wrepnedcynnes  wigau  feghwilcne, 

p4ra  pe  he  on  J^am  f^rste  findan  mihte. 
190  Wseron  inge  men  ealle  aetgi^dere 

cyningas  on  corSre :  ci\Sost  gebead 

horn  on  h^ape,  t6  hwa^s  haegstealdmen 

gfiSpreat  gumena  gearwe  bseron. 

Sw^  I'ser  eorp  wevod  ^can  laeddon 
195  IAS  aefter  h\6um  l^dmaegnes  worn 

ffisendmaehim,  pider  waeron  fftse:,, 

haefdon  hie  gemyuted  t6  f am  maegenh^pum 

t6  ])am  aerdtege  Israhela  cynn 

billum  Abr^tan  on  h^^ra  brdSorgyld. 
200  ForJ^on  waes  on  wicnm  w6p  up  ahafen, 

atol  aefenl^S.     Egesan  st6don, 

weredon  waehiet,  |>4  se  w6ma  cwom, 

flugon  fr^cne  spel :  f^nd  waes  anm6d, 

werud  waes  wigblAc,  66  ]?aet  wlance  forsceaf 
205  mihtig  engel,  se  pd  menigeo  beh^kl, 

]?8et  ))aer  geldSe  mid  him  leng  ne  mihton 

ges^on  t6somne  ;  sl5  waes  gedaeled. 


24  EXODUS.  [208-23G. 


IV. 

Renewed  fear  and  further  preparation.  — Description  of  the 

host  binder  Moses. 

Hrefcle  nydfara  nihtlangne  fjTst, 

]7^h  j^e  him  on  h^lfa  geliwam  hettend  seomedon, 
210  m<negcn  o8Se  merestre'am  :  n{ihtou  miirau  hwjrft, 

wasron  orw^iian  65elrihtes, 

siEton  aef ter  beorgum  in  bli\cum  r^afum 

w^n  on  w6num.     Waeccende  bad 

call  s^  sibgedriht  somod  retgaedere 
215  mdran  maegenes,  6^  Mo^'ses  beb^ad 

eorlas  on  nhttid  fiernum  b^mum 

folc  somnigean,  frecan  ilrisan, 

habban  heora  hlencan,  hycgan  on  ellen, 

beran  beorht  searo,  bdacunm  cigean 
220  swdbt  giande  n(^r  :  suelle  gemundon 

weardas  wigl^S.     Werod  wses  gefj'sed  : 

brudon  ofer  beorgum  (b5^inan  gehyrdon) 

flotan  feldlitisum.     Fyrd  waes  on  6fste, 

siSSan  hie  getealdon  wi6  fam  t^nliete 
225  on  l^am  forSherge  f^San  twelfe 

ra6d6  r6fa  ;  maegen  waes  onlirt^red. 

Waes  on  dnra  gehwam  aeSeles  cynnes 

Mesen  under  lindum  l^da  dugu6e 

on  folcgetael  flftig  cista  ; 
230  luefde  cista  gehwilc  cd^es  werodes 

gArljcrcndra  g(i(5frcmniondra 

tyn-liund  geteled  tir-cQidigra.  * 

paet  waes  wiglic  werod  :  wAce  nc  gr^tton 

in  paet  rincgetael  raeswan  liergos, 
235  ))A  ]jc  for  gdbguSe  gyt  ne  mihton 

under  IjordhrdbSan  l)rdbstnet  wera 


237-261.]  EXODUS.  25 

wi^  fl^ne  f^nd  folmum  werigean 

ne  him  bealu  benne  gebideu  haefdon 

ofer  linde  laerig  ;  licwunde  swor, 
240  g3dpplegan  gkres.     Gamele  ne  m6ston 

h^re  heaSoriucas  hilde  ooj^dbn, 

gif  him  m6dhdapum  msegen  swiSrade  : 

ac  hie  be  woestmum  wig  cm-on, 

ht  in  l^dscipe  laestan  wolde 
245  mod  mid  aran,  ^ac  ]?an  msegnes  crseft 

[geg^n  mihte]  gdrb^ames  feng. 

p^  waes  handrdfra  here  setgsedere 

fds  forSwegas.     Fana  np-r^d, 

b^ma  beorhtest :  bidon  ealle  )n1  gen, 
250  hwonne  siSboda  soestie'amiim  nelih 

l(^lit  ofer  lindum  Ij'ft-edoras  brsec. 


V. 


The  harangue  of  Moses  to  the  host.  —  Charge  to  be  courageous. 
—  Assura7ice  of  God's  help. — Dividing  of  the  waters  by 
Moses.  —  The  rising  of  the  host. — Entrance  on  the  sea 
path.  —  The  march  over  the  sea  by  tribes.  —  Description  of 
tribes.  —  Judah,  Beuben,  and  Simeon.    QjvO^I-    .  ' 

Ahl^p  ))4  for  haeleSum  hildecalla, 

beald  b^t-hata,  bord  up  dh6f, 

h^ht  ]>a  folctogan  fyrde  gestillan, 
255  ])enden  mddiges  me^el  monige  gehyrdon. 

Wolde  reordigeau  rices  hyrde 

ofer  hereciste  hdlgau  stefne  ; 

werodes  wisa  wurSm^udum  sprsec  : 

Ne  bdbS  ge  \>y  forhtran,  ]-ehh  ]>e  Faraon  brohte 
260  sweordwigendra  side  hergas, 

eorla  unrim  !     Him  eallum  wile 


26  EXODUS.  [2C2-296. 

niilitig  drihten  ]  urli  mine  liaDd 

t6  daige  pissiim  daedl^Tan  g^'faii, 

j^aet  hie  lifigeude  leng  ue  m^ton 
265  segniau  mid  yrmt^um  Israhela  C3'n. 

Ne  willat^  ^w  ondraedan  d^ade  fdSan 

faege  ferh81ocan  !  fyrst  is  set  ende 

laenes  lifes.     Eow  is  Idr  godes 

dbroden  of  br^stiim  :  ic  on  beteran  raed, 
270  ]'8et  ge  gewur8ien  wuldres  aldor 

and  ^w  liftr^an  lissa  bidde, 

sigora  gesynto,  faer  ge  st^ien  ! 

pis  is  se  ^cfea  Abrahames  god, 

frumsceafta  fr^,  se  pds  f3Td  wereS 
275  m6dig  and  msegenrdf  mid  fiaere  miclan  hand. 

H6f  ]>k  for  hergum  hltide  stef  ne 

lifigendra  l^d,  |jd  he  t6  l^dum  sprsec  : 

Hwaet !  ge  nu  ^gum  t6  on  16cia(5, 

folca  l^fost,  faerwuudra  sum, 
280  hH  ic  sylfa  sl6h  and  ])^s  swiSre  hand 

gr^nd  tim(i  g^rsecges  d^p  : 

yS  up  faere8,  6fstum  wyrceS 

waeter  and  wealfaesten.     Wegas  syndon  dryge, 

has  we  herestraeta,  hohn  gerymed, 
285  ealde  staSolas,  p^  ic  aer  ne  gefra^gn 

ofer  middangeard  men  geffiran, 

f dmge  feldas,  ]>k  forS  heonon 

iu  6ce  y^e  peahton, 

s.nelde  stegrundas  :  stiSwind  fornam 
290  ba3(Sweges  blaest,  brim  is  i\r(fafod, 

sand  saicir  spAw.     Ic  wAt  b66  gere, 

)>a3t  ^w  mihtig  god  miltse  gecy^de, 

eorlas,  air  glMe  !  6fest  is  s^lost, 

pa3t  ge  of  fdbnda  fa3(Smc  weorSen, 
295  nu  se  Agcnd  uj)  Anerdc 

remade  streanias  in  randi^ebeorh  : 


297-331.]  EXODUS.  27 

syndon  ))A  foreweallas  faegi'e  gest^pte 

wraetlicu  wsegfaru  66  wolcna  hr6f . 

^fter  ]>4m  wordiim  werod  eall  art\s, 
300  mAdigra  maegeu  :  mere  stille  bM. 

H6fon  herecyste  hwite  linde, 

segnas  on  sande.     Saeweall  d,stMi, 

uplang  gestdd  wiS  Israhelum 

^ndaegne  f3'rst ;  waes  sdb  eorla  gedriht 
305  4nes  m6des  :   [ji^a  weall] 

fsestum  fseSmum  freoSowaere  h^ld. 

Nalles  liig^  gehyrdon  hMiges  l^re, 

siS(5au  Idbfes  IdbS  laeste  uehv 
'     sw^g  swiSrode  and  sanges  bland. 
310  pd  ]'aet  f^rSe  C3^n  fyrmest  ^de, 

w6d  on  waegstrdam,  wtgan  on  lielipe, 

ofer  gr^nne  grand  :  Judisc  f66a 

An  on-orette  uncAS  geMS 

for  his  maegwinum,  swi\  him  mihtig  god 
315  pses  dicgweorces  d^p  le'an  forgeald, 

siS8an  him  gesaelde  sigorworca  hreS, 

]?8et  he  ealdord6m  dgan  sccolde 

ofer  cynericu,  cn^wmdga  blsed. 

Haefdon  him  16  segne,  ]k  hie  on  suud  stigou, 
320  ofer  bordhrdbSan  b^cen  draered 

in  pam  gdrhe'ape  gyldenne  Icon, 

drihtfolca  maest  d^ra  cenost : 

be  pam  herewisan  hynSo  ne  woklon 

be  him  lifigendum  lange  ];olian, 
325  ponne  hie  t6  gfiSe  gdrwudu  raerdon, 

]>^da  aenigre.     pracu  waes  on  6re, 

heard  handplega,  haegsteald  m6dige 

waepna  waelslihtes,  wigend  unforhte, 

bilswaSu  bl6dige,  beadnmaegnes  raes, 
330  gnmhehna  gegrind,  paer  Jndns  f6r. 

-^fter  ]>aerc  fyrde  flota  m6dgade, 


28  EXODUS.  [332-361. 

Riibencs  sunn  :  raudas  baeron 

saewleinge  ofer  sealtne  mersc, 

mdn  meuio,  micel  iin-getrum 
335  ^de  imforht.     Ili^  his  ealdo;'d6m 

s^nniim  ^swefede,  ]'?et  he  sic^or  f6r 

on  Idbfes  l^st :  him  on  Idbdsceare 

frumbearnes  riht  fr^br6Sor  66])ah, 

e'ad  and  aeSelo  ;  h^  wses  earn  swd  peah. 
340  paer  [forS]  aefter  him  folca  ])ry5um 

sunn  Simeones  swdbtum  comon, 

]n-idde  p^dmaegen  :  J^tifas  wundon 

ofer  gdrfare,  gAScyst  onjirang 

d^awig  sceaftum.     Dnegwdma  becwom 
345  ofer  gdrsecges  [begong] ,  godes  b^acna  sum, 

morgen  msere-torht.     Msegen  forS  gewiU, 

])d  ])aer  folcma?gen  f6r  aefter  66rum  : 

isernhergum  dn  wisode 

maegeuj^rymmum  maest,  ])y  h6  maere  wearS. 
350  [F6r]  on  forSwegas  folc  aefter  wolcnum, 

cynn  aefter  C3'nne  :  cftSe  aeghwilc 

maegburga  riht,  swd  him  Moyses  bdad, 

eorla  ae(5elo.     Him  waes  ^n  faeder : 

l^f  l^dfrnma  landriht  gepah 
355  fr6d  on  ferhfie,  fr^mdgum  l^f, 

cende  cn^wsibbe  c(5nra  manna, 

hcQihfaedera  sum  hdlige  ];(^de, 

Isra61a  cyn,  onriht  g6dcs, 

sw^  ]>sit  or]?ancum  ealde  recea'S, 
3G0  ])A  ]'e  maegburgc  maest  gefrunon, 

frumcyn  feora,  faedcraeSelo  gehwaes. 


362-387.]  EXODUS.  29 


VI. 

Noah  and  his  sons  in  theiark.  —  The  contents  of  the  ark.  — 
Abraham,  the  people' s  gkide  and  lord.  —  David  and  Solo- 
mon. —  Abraham  and  Isaac  on  the  ivay  to  the  mount.  — 
Preparations  for  the  sacrifice.  —  Arrest  by  the  ayigel.  — 
Jehovah's  promise  as  to  Abraham's  seed. 

Niwe  fl6(las  Noe  oferl45 

j^rjmfaest  [^den  mid  his  julrn  sunum, 

]>oue  d^pestan  drencfldda 
365  ]7ara  ]'e  gewiirde  on  woruldrice. 

Hajfde  him  on  hreSre  hMige  tr^wa : 

forpon  hd  gelsedde  ofer  lagiistreamas 

m^Smhorda  msest  mlii^  gefr?ege  : 

on  feorhgebeorh  folden  haafde 
370  ealUim  eorScjame  ege-lilfe 

frumcn^w  gehwaes,  fseder  and  mdder 

tuddor-t^ndra  geteled  rim^ 

mismiceh'a,  ]:'onne  men  cunnon, 

snottor  sseleoda  ;  eac  ]  on  saeda  gchwilc 
375  on  bearm  scipes  beornas  feredon, 

J>dra  j^e  under  heofonum  haeleS  bryttigaS. 

Swd  ]^8et  wise  men  wordum  secgaS, 

]^aet  from  Noe  nigoSa  waere 

faeder  Abrahames  on  folctale  : 
380  J^set  is  se  Abraham,  se  him  engla  god 

naman  niwan  ^sce6p,  eac  ]'on  n(fali  and  feor 

hMige  h^pas  in  gehyld  bebe^ad, 

wer|;^oda  geweald.     H^  on  wraece  lifde. 

SiSSan  h6  gelaedde  l(^fost  feora 
385  hdlio'es  haesnm  :  helihlond  stio;on 

sibgomagas  on  Seone  beorg  ; 

waere  hie  ysev  fundon,  wuldor  gcsdwon, 


30  EXODUS.  [388-422. 

liMigc  hcnihtrdbwe,  swd  hoeleS  gefruuon, 

]>sev  eft  se  snottra  sunu  Dan  ides 
390  wulclorfnest  cyning  witgan  Urum 

getinibrede  teiiipcl  gode, 

alh  htiligue,  eorficyniDga 

se  wisesta  on  woruldrice 

h^ahst  and  h^ligost  hseleSum  gefrnegost 
395  miest  and  ma^rost,  pkra  ])e  manna  beam 

fira  aefter  foldan  folmum  geworhte. 

T6  ]'am  meSelstede  niagan  gelaedde 

Abraham  Isaac  ;  Mfj^r  onbran  : 

fyrst  f erhSbana  n6  ]jy  fsegra  waes  ! 
400  Wolde  ]5one  Idstweard  Itge  gesyllau 

in  boelby'se  beorna  s^lost 

his  swaesne  snnii  t6  sigetibre, 

dngan  ofer  eorSan  yrfeh\fe, 

feores  fr6fre.     p^  hd  sw^  foii5  gebM 
405  l^dam  t6  l^re  langsumne  hiht : 

h^  ]cet  gccj'^de,  1'4  h^  ]'one  cniht  genam 

fc^ste  mid  fobiinm,  folccAS  gete'ag 

ealde  hife  (ecg  grymetode) , 

])aet  he  him  lifdagas  l^ofran  ne  wisse, 
410  ]7onne  h6  h^'rde  heofoncyninge. 

Up  ^raemde  se  eovl,  wolde  slean  eaforan  sinne, 

unweaxenne  ecgum  rc^dan, 

magan  mid  m6c6,  gif  hine  metod  16te  : 

ne  wokle  him  beorht  Iseder  bearn  tetnimau 
415  hdlig  tiber,  ac  mid  handa  bif^ng. 

y>'l  him  styran  cwom  stefn  of  heofonum, 

wuldres  hlt^Sor,  word  lefter  spraic  : 

Ne  sleh  ))<1,  A])raham,  j)in  Agen  beam 

sunu  mid  sweordd  !  s65  is  gecySed, 
420  nu  ])!n  cunnode  cyning  alwihta, 

\)iXit  )>u  wi8  waldend  wa^re  hdbkle, 

foeste  trdbwe  :  sdb  );e  ireoSo  sceal 


423-451.]  EXODUS.  31 

in  lifclagum  lengest  weoi'San 

^wa  to  ealdre  nuswiciendo  ! 
425  liA  ])earf  niannes  snnii  mdran  tr^we  ? 

Ne  behwylf an  mneg  heofon  and  eorSe 

his  wuldres  word  widdra  and  siddra 

ponne  befffiSman  mgege  foldan  sce'atas, 

eorSan  ymbliwyrft  and  nprodor, 
430  g^rsecges  gin  and  \i^s  g^mre  lyft. 

H6  d5  swereS,  engla  ]^dbden, 

wyrda  waldend  and  wereda  god, 

sdSfaest  sigora  [weard] ,  ])urh  his  sylfes  lif , 

paet  pines  C3'nnes  and  cn^wmfiga 
435  randwiggendra  rim  ne  cnnnon 

jide  ofer  eorSan  eall^  craeft^ 

t6  gesecgenne  s66um  wordum, 

nym^e  hwylc  ]?8es  snottor  in  sefan  weoi'Se, 

]?8et  h6  ^na  masge  ealle  geriman 
440  st^nas  on  eorSan,  steorran  on  heofonum, 

ssebeorga  sand,  sealte  ySa  : 
.  ac  hie  gesittaS  be  saem  tw^num 

68  Eg3'pte  in-ge]?^de 

land  Canan^a,  l^de  ]  ine, 
445  frdbbearn  fseder,  folea  selost. 


VII.    c3u©.'552^ 

Pharaoh* s  host  is  overwhelmed  in  the  sea. 

Folc  wses  df  aered  :  fl6degsa  becwom 
gdstas  g^mre,  geofon  d^aS^  hw^p. 
Wa^ron  beorhhli6u  bl6d^  best^med, 
holm  heolfr^  sp4w,  hrelim  waes  on  ySuni, 
450  waster  waepna  ful,  waehnist  Astilh. 
Wa^ron  Egypte  eft  oneyrde, 


32  EXODUS.  [452-486. 

flngon  forhtigendc,  faer  ongeton, 

woklon  herebl(^i(5e  hrimas  findan  : 

gylp  wcar5  gnoriira  !     Him  on-gcn  gehu^p 
455  atol  3'{Sa  gewealc  :  ne  ]>fer  senig  becwom 

herges  t6  hdme,  ac  hie  hindaii  bel^ac 

wyrd  mid  wsege.     pser  rer  wegas  Itigon, 

mere  m6dgode,  maegeu  waes  Mrenced. 

Stromas  st6don  ;  storm  up  gewAt 
4G0  h^ah  t6  heofomim,  berew6pa  maest ; 

M(5e  cyrmdon  ;  lyft  up  goswearc  : 

fsegum  stc^fnum  fl6d  bl6d  gew6d. 

Randbyrig  wa^ron  rofene,  rodor  swipode 

merede'aSa  msest ;  m6dige  swultoii 
465  cyningas  on  corSre,  cyrr  swiSrode 

wa3ges  aet  ende.     Wigbord  scinon. 

Ile'ali  ofer  hfeleSiim  holmweall  ^stdh, 

merestrdam  modig  :  maegen  wa^s  on  cwealme 

fseste  gefeterod,  forSganges  nep 
470  searwum  ^sa^led.     Sand  bAsnode 

on  witodre  fyrde,  hwonne  waSema  stream 

sincalda  sae  sealtum  5'6um 

aefldstum  gewuna  ^ce  sta^nlas 

nacud  nydboda  n^san  c6me, 
475  f^h  f^5e-g^st,  se  pe  f^ondum  gcndbp. 

Waes  s^  haewene  lyft  heolfrc  geblanden  ; 

brim  berstende  bl6degsan  liwdbp, 

saemanna  siS,  6^])aet  s65  metod 

]'urh  Moyses  hand  m6dge  rj'mde  : 
480  wide  waeSde,  waelfaefimum  swdbp, 

fl6d  fA,mgode,  fjtge  crungon, 

laguhmd  gcfdbl,  13'ft  wais  onhr^red, 

wicon  weallfaesten,  waegas  burston, 

multon  meretor^'as,  |>A  se  mihtiga  sl6h 
485  mid  hdlige  liand  licofoiirices  weard 

werbcAimas,  whince  ]  dbde. 


487-514.] 


EXODUS.  '  33 


Ne  militon  forhabban  helpendra  pa?5, 
merestreaines  mod,  ac  he  maneguin  gesc^d 
gyllend^  gi'y^'^  •  g^i'secg  w^dde, 

490  up  ^teah,  on  sle'ap  ;  egesaii  stodon, 
w^ollon  wflelbenna.     Witrdd  gef^ol 
heah  of  heofooum,  handweorc  godes. 
F^migbdsma  flodwearde  sl6h 
unhl^wau  wreg  ald6  mece, 

495  J>aet  ]>j  d^aSdrepe  drihte  swaefou, 
synfullra  sw^ot,  sawlum  lunnon 
faeste  befarene,  flodbhtc  here, 
si65an  hie  onbugou  brftn  3'ppinge, 
mddwaega  raaest.     Msegeii  call  gedrelis, 

500  ]>^  he  gedrencte  dugoS  Egypta, 

Faraon  mid  his  folcum  :  h6  oiifond  hraSe, 
siSSan  [gruiid]  gestah,  godes  andsaca, 
J^aet  }>3er  mihtigra  merefl6des  weard 
wolde  heorofseSmum  hilde  gesceadaii 

505  yrre  and  egesfiill.     Egyptum  wearS 
faes  dsegweorces  d^p  l^n  gesceod : 
forjmm  paes  heriges  hdm  eft  ne  com 
ealles  nngnindes  aenig  t6  htfe, 
]>aette  si5  lieora  secgan  m6ste, 

510  bodigean  aefter  burgum  bealospella  maest, 
hordwearda  hr3're  haeleSa  cw^num, 
ac  ]>k  raaegen]>r^tas  mered^S  geswealh, 
[spilde]  spelbodan,  se  pe  sped  Mite, 
^gelit  gylp  wera :  hie  wio  god  wunnon ! 


34  EXODUS.  [515-542. 


VIII. 

Words  of  Moses  to  Israel  on  the  farther  shore.  —  God's  poiver 
and  covenant  faithfulness.  —  The  joy  of  the  peox)le  U2wn 
their  deliverance.  —  Division  of  spoil. 

515       panon  Israhelum  6cc  roedas 

on  merehwearte  Moyses  saegde 

lielxhjHingen  wer  httlige  sprosce, 

dtTop  {lereude  :  daegweorc  iiemna'5. 

Swa  g3't  werj^^ode  on  gewritnm  findaS 
520  ddma  gehwilcne,  ])tira  j)e  him  drihteii  bebdad 

on  I'ara  si6fate  s65nm  wordnm. 

Gif  onlucan  wile  lifcs  weallist6d 

bcorht  in  br(fostnm  banb^lses  weard 

ginfaest  god  gdstes  cyegnm, 
525  Ytn  bis  gerecenod,  raed  for6  gse^  : 

hafaS  wislicu  word  on  fasSme, 

wile  m(fagollice  m6dum  toecan, 

])set  w6  gesine  ne  syn  godes  j^dbdscipes, 

meotodes  miltsa.     He  tis  md  onl^liS, 
530  nt.  As  b6ceras  beteran  secgaS, 

lengran  lyft  wynna :  ]ns  is  la^ne  drifam 

worn  mum  ilwyrged,  wreccum  tdyfcd, 

earmra  anbid :  e(5ell(fa.se 

p3'sne  gystselc  giliSnm  healda5, 
535  murnacS  on  m6de,  mtlnhfts  witon 

faest  under  foldan,  )>air  bi6  fyr  and  wyrm, 

open  ^'ce  scraif  yfela  geliwylces. 

SwA  nft  regnpeblas  rice  diclaS 

yldo  o5Se  ler-dcfatS,  eft-w3'rd  cym8 
540  maigenprymma  micst  ofer  niiddangeard,   , 

dffig  daidum  filli :  drihten  sylf  a 

on  |)am  meSelstede  nianooum  denied. 


543-575.]  EXODUS.  35 

ponne  he  s6"5faestra,  stiwla  laedeS 

^adige  gfestas  on  iiprodor, 
545  paer  [is]  l^olit  and  lif,  eac  ]:-ou  lissa  bleed : 

dugo6  on  dre'ame  drihteii  herigaS 

weroda  wuldorcyuiug  to  widaii  feore. 

Sw4  reordode  rseda  gemyndig 

manna  mildost  mihtum  swiped 
550  hlMan  stefne  ;  here  stille  bad 

witodes  willan,  wundor  ong^ton, 

mddiges  mflShasl ;  he  id  msenegum  sprsec  : 

Micel  is  pdbs  meuigeo,  msegenwisa  tram, 

fulMsta  maest,  se  ])^s  fare  laede^  ! 
555  hafaS  As  on  Canan^a  cyn  geljfed 

burh  and  beligas,  brade  rice  : 

wile  nti  gelsestan,  pset  h^  lange  gehet 

mid  ^^sware,  engia  drihten, 

in  fyrudagum  faedeiyn-cjmne, 
560  gif  ge  gehealdaS  h^lige  lAre, 

]>2et  ge  fdbnda  gehwone  forS  ofergangaS, 
.  gesittaS  sigerice  be  si^m  tw^niim 

b^rselas  beorna  :  bi6  ^wer  blsed  micel ! 

After  ]5d,m  wordum  werod  wses  on  siilum, 
565  smigon  sigebj^man,  segnas  st6don 

on  feegerne  sw^g.     Folc  wres  on  lande  : 

hsefde  wnldres  bdam  werud  gela^ded 

hdlige  he'apas  on  hild  godes. 

Lif6  gefegon,  ])h.  hie  dSla^ded  h?efdon 
570  feorh  of  fdbnda  dome,  p^ah  pe  hie  hit  frecne  gen^Sdon 

weras    under   waetera   hrdfas.       Gesawon    hie    paer 
weaMas  standan ; 

ealle  him  brimu  bl6dige  j)fihton,  ]mrh  ]  A  heora  beado- 
searo  waegon. 

Hrd^don  hildespelld,  siSSau  hie  pam  [herge]  wi5f6ron, 

h6fon  herej^re'atas  hMde  stefne, 
575  for  ])am  da^dweorce  drihten  h^redon ; 


36  EXODUS.  [570-589.] 

woras  wiildres  sang,  wtf  on  65rura, 

folcsw^ta  msest  fyrdl^8  g61on 

aclum  stefnum  eallwundra  fela. 

pd  wjes  dtifynde  Afrisc  me^wle 
680  on  geofones  static  gold6  geweorSod  : 

baud  Mi6fon  hMswurSunge, 

bllSe  wa^rou,  b6te  gesdwon, 

h^ddon  heier^afes  (hseft  wees  onsseled), 

ouguunon  Si^Utfe  segnum  d?elan 
585  on  yfthtfe,  ealde  maSmas, 

reaf  and  randas  :  heom  on  riht  sceode 

gold  and  godweb,  Josephes  gestr^n 

wera  wnldorgesteald.     Werigend  l^gon 

on  dtTafistede,  drilitfolca  majst. 


DAE^IEL. 


I. 

Prosperity  of  the  Jeics  in  Jerusalem.  —  GocVs  blessing  upon 
them.  —  Their  pride  and  rebellion.  —  Entrance  of  the 
Chaldean  soothsayers. — Enmity  of  Nebuchadnezzar. — 
The  Babylonians  in  Jeruscdetn.  — Despoiling  of  the  temple. 
—  Departure  of  the  enemy  tvith  treasures  and  captives.  — 
Subjection  of  the  Hebrews  in  Babylon.  —  Search  by  the  king 
for  loise  youth.  —  Choice  of  the  three  Hebrews :  Hananiah, 
Mishael.,  Azariah.  —  Their  appearance  before  the  king. — 
Provision  for  their  needs. 

Gefrsegii  ic  Hebr^os  eadge  lifgean, 
ill  Hierusalem  golclhord  d^laii, 
C3'niDgd6m  liabban,  swt\  him  gecynde  woes, 
si^^aD  ]mrh  raetodes  nifegen  on  Mouses  hand 
5  wear5  wig  gifen  wigeua  m^enieo 
and  hie  of  Egyptiim  tit  afdrou 
miegen6  micle  :  ]>set  wses  mddig  cyn, 
)?euden  hie  ]>y  ric^  rsedan  m6ston, 
burgum  w^oldon  ;  wses  him  beorht  wela, 

10  ])enden  }vet  folc  mid  him  hiera  f seder  wsere 
healdan  woldon.     Wses  him  li^^rde  god 
heofonrices  weard,  h^lig  drihten, 
wuldres  waldend,  se  ]'am  werude  geaf 
m6d  and  mihte,  metod  alwihta, 

15  ]'set  liie  oft  fela  folca  feore  gesceddon 
heriges  hehnum,  ])ATa  ]>e  him  hold  ne  waes, 


38  DANIEL.  [17-51. 

6h  I'a?t  hie  wleiico  anw6d  vet  winpcge 

dt^foldffidnm,  drimcne  gej-olitas  : 

])A  hie  necrseftas  due  forleton, 
20  mctodes  injiegenscipe,  swfi  n6  man  scyle 

his  giistes  lufan  wiS  gode  d{i.'lan  ! 

pd  geseah  ic  ])d  gedriht  in  gedwolan  lifgan, 

Isradla  cyn  unriht  d6u, 

wommas  wyrcean  :  pset  woes  weorc  gode. 
25  Oft  he  ]'c4ni  l^dum  Idre  sende 

heofonriccs  weard  hdUge  gdstas, 

]'d  ])am  werude  wisd6m  budon. 

Hie  ]>sdre  suytro  s6S  geljf don 

lytle  hwile,  68  paet  hie  langung  beswdc 
30  eorSan  dr^amas  ^ces  raedes, 

])set  hie  a3t  siSestan  sylfe  forleton 

drihtnes  donias,  cnroii  defies  craeft. 

\)k  wearS  r^^emdd  rices  ]-^oden, 

unhold  ];^den  ]-dm  h^  sehte  geaf : 
35  wisde  him  sdt  fryniSe,  ])d  ]>e  on  frnman  oer  ])on 

waeron  mancynnes  metode  d^Tust, 

dugO(>a  diymust  drihtne  It^fost, 

herepaS  t6  psere  h^an  byrig 

eorlum  elJ^tTodigum  on  eSelland, 
40  ])8er  Salem  st6d  searwum  fifaistnod, 

wealhim  geweor5od  :  to  )  ajs  witgan  foron 

Caldea  cyn  id  ceastre  for5, 

])aer  Isra61a  a^hta  waeron 

bevvrigene  raid  weorcura  ;  id  ]  dm  |)aet  werod  gef6r, 
45  ma3gen])ic%,t  maere  mrmbealwes  georn. 

Awclite  jione  wselnlS  wera  aldorfrt^, 

Babiloues  brego  on  his  burhstede 

Nabochodonossor  jmrh  nlShete, 

Jjaet  h6  s^can  ongan  sefan  gehygdnm, 
50  lift  h6  Isra^'lum  c%8ost  mealite 

Jnn-h  gronn-a  gang  guman  66])riugan  : 


32-80.]  DANIEL.  39 

gesamnode  ]A  sii5nn  and  norSan 
woellir^w  werod  aod  west  faran 
lierige  hseSeiicyninga  t6  faere  hean  byrig : 
55  Isra^la  doelweardas 

lufan  lifwelan,  ]:ieuden  hie  let  metod.^ 

pk  ic  ecSaii  gefriegii  ealdfdbiida  cyii 

wiiiburli  wera  :  j^a  wigan  ue  gelyfdon, 

berelifodon  ])§i.  receda  wuldor  reVlan  gold^, 
60  siiic6  and  seolM,  Salomoues  tempi, 

gestriidan  gestrdbua  under  stdnbliSiim 

swilce  all  swd  |>d  eoiias  kgan  sceoldon, 

65  J'set  hie  bnrga  gehwone  abrocen  hsefdon 
^    ]>dra  ]>e  l^am  folce  id  friSe  stddon. 
65  Gehl6dou  him  id  hASe  hordwearda  gestr^on, 

fdb  and  fr^s,  swilc  ]>8ev  funden  wa^s, 

and  ])A  mid  ]mm  jehtum  eft  siSedon 

and  gelfeddon  elic  on  laugne  si6 

Isradla  cyn  on  e^astwegas 
70  id  Babilonia,  beorna  iinrim, 

under  hand  hasleS  haeSenum  deman. 

Nabochodonossor  him  on  ny-d  dyde 

Isra^la  beam  ofer  ealle  lufeii 

wsepna  h\fe  t6  weorcjje'bwum. 
75  Onsende  ])4  sinra  pegna 

worn  ])8es  werudes  west  id  f^rau, 

])set  him  para  l^da  land  geh^lde 

^3ne  e^el  aefter  Ebrdmn. 

H6t  ]>4  s^can  sine  ger^fan 
80  geond  Isra^la  earme  L4fe, 

hwilc  ]?8ere  g^go5e  gieliwost  wsere 

b6ca  bebodes,  ]?e  pa3r  bruugen  waes  : 

wolde,  past  ])k  cnihtas  craift  leornedon, 

])set  him  snytro  on  sefan  secgan  mihte, 
85  nalles  ])y  pe  h^  paet  m6ste  oSSe  gemunan  wolde, 

paet  M  ])^ra  gifeiia  gode  pancode, 


40  DANIEL.  [87-112. 

|>e  him  paer  t6  duguSe  drihten  scyrede. 

pA,  hie  J'aer  fiindon  t6  fre'agleawe 

te(Sele  cnihtas  and  aifaeste, 
90  ginge  and  gode  in  godssede  : 

An  wses  Ananias,  65er  Azarias, 

])ridda  Misael,  metode  gecorene. 

p^  ]>Yy  c6mou  t6  J^^dne  foran 

hearde  and  higej'ancle,  ]'Sev  se  haeiSena  sfet 
95  cyning  corSres  georn  in  Caldea  byrig. 

p4  hie  pam  wlancan  wisd6m  sceoldou 

weras  Ebrda  wordum  cj^?5an, 

higecrseffc  h^ane  |)nrh  h^lig  m6d. 

p^  se  beorn  bebelid,  Babilone  weard 
100  swi8m6d  cyning,  shmm  ])egnum, 

]>set  ])a  frumgtiras  be  feore  da^de, 

])i^t  pam  gengum  |;rym  gi\d  ne  wsere 

wiste  ne  wsede  in  woruldlife. 


II. 

The  king's  pride  and  defiance  of  God.  —  His  impropitious 
dream.  —  Command  to  Ids  wise  men  to  tell  it.  —  Being  un- 
able^ he  threatens  them  with  death.  — Daniel  apxtears  before 
the  Icing  as  interpreter.  —  The  Idng  praises  and  exalts  him. 

pd  wses  breme  Babilone  weard 
105  rasere  and  m^dig  ofer  middangeard, 

egesfnl  ylda  bearnuin  :  n6  he  Me  fremede, 

ac  in  oferh^^gde  a?ghwaes  lifde. 

pA,  ))am  foletogan  on  frunislaepe, 

si85an  t6  reste  gehwearf  rice  ])^den, 
110  com  on  sofan  Invnrfan  swefnes  w6ma, 

liA  wonild  wau'c  wnndrum  get^d 

ungelic  yhliun  65  edsceafte. 


113-147.]  DANIEL.  41 

Wears  him  on  sLnepe  s6S  gee3'5ecl, 

]-?ette  rices  gehwses  reSe  sceolde  gelimpan, 
115  eorSan  drelimas  eude  wnrSau. 

pA  on  woe  wulfheort,  se  aer  wingM  swsef, 

Babilone  weard.     Nses  him  bli6e  hige, 

ac  him  sorh  ^stali  swefues  w6man  : 

n6  h^  gemunde,  ]'^et  him  metod  wi£S. 
120  H6t  ]rk  tosomne  sinra  Idbda, 

]>k  wiccungddm  widost  baeron, 

fraegn  ])k  pa  msenigeo,  hwset  bine  gerasette, 

penden  reordberend  reste  wiinode  : 

wearS  h^  on  pam  egesan  acol  worden, 
125  ])k  h^  ne  wisse  word  ne  angin 

swefues  sines,  li6t  him  secgan  ]:ehh. 

pk  him  unbliSe  andswaredon 

d^folwitgan  (nses  him  ddm  gearii 

t6  asecganne  swefeu  cyninge)  : 
130  HA  mtlgon  w6  sw4  dj^gle,  drihten,  ahicgan 

on  sefan  ])inne,  hti  pe  swefnede 

oS5e  wyrda  gesceaft  wisd6m  bnde, 

gif  ])U  his  aerest  ne  meaht  6r  dreccan  ? 

p^  him  unbliSe  andswarode 
135  wulfheort  cyuing,  witgum  siuum  : 

Nseron  ge  swa  e'acne  ofer  ealle  men 

mddgepances,  sw^  ge  me  ssegdon 

and  paet  gecwaedou,  pset  ge  cftSon  mine 

aldorlege,  swa  me  aefre  wearS 
140  o'66e  ic  furSor  fiudau  sceolde, 

nu  ge  maetinge  mine  ne  cnunon, 

])§i  ]?e  me  for  werode  wisddm  bere^  ! 

Ge  sweltad  deliSe,  nymSe  ic  dom  wite 

soSan  swefues,  ]>ves  min  sefa  myndgaS  I 
145  Ne  mealite  ]>h  s^  maenigeo  on  ]>am  meSelstede 

]nn'li  witigddm  wilite  t\]?eucean 

ne  dhicgan,  ]>k  hit  forha^fed  gewearS, 


42  DANIEL.  [148-167. 

]\Ttte  hie  soedon  swefn  C3'ninge, 

wyrda  gciyim,  68  J'aet  witga  cwom 
150  Daniel  t6  (16me,  se  waes  drilitno  gecoren 

snotor  and  s66fiest,  in  ]>vet  sold  gaugan  : 

se  waes  ordfruma  earmre  l^fe, 

])iere  ]>e  ]>fxm  liseSenan  hyrau  sceolde. 

Him  god  sealde  gife  of  heofnum 
155  piirh  lil(^(Sorcw3'de  hMiges  giistes, 

Jn\}t  him  engel  godes  eall  ^ssegde, 

sw4  his  mandrihteu  gemseted  wear6. 

p^  eode  Daniel,  j^tt  daeg  y^hte, 

swefen  reccan  sinum  fre'an, 
160  saegde  him  wislice  wereda  gesceafte, 

]>9ette  s6na  ongeat  swl6m6d  C3'ning 

ord  and  ende  paes  ]>e  him  5'wed  wees. 

\)k  hsefde  Daniel  d6m  micelne, 

blaed  in  Babilonia  mid  b6cerum, 
165  siSSan  h6  gesoede  swefen  cyninge, 

Jjset  li6  aer  for  firenum  onfdn  ne  meahte, 

Babilouie  weard,  in  his  br^stlocan. 


168-184.]  DANIEL.  43 


III. 

The  king  still  defiant.  —  Raises  an  idolatrous  image  in  Dura. 
—  The  people  boiv  to  it.  —  The  three  Hebreios  refuse  and 
are  threatened.  —  They  are  placed  in  the  fiery  furnace. — 
Preserved  from  harm^  they  rejoice.  —  The  king's  anger  and 
iconder. — The  song  of  Azariah. — Praises  God  and  confesses 
the  sin  of  the  Jews.  —  Pleads  the  covenant  and  prays  for 
help.  —  The  angel  of  deliverance  appears  and  saves  them.  — 
The  song  of  the  three  Hebrews.  —  All  things  praise  Jehovah^ 
the  Triune  God.  —  Tlie  king  and  his  chiefs  take  counsel.  — 
The  leader  2^lcads  for  the  youth.  —  They  come  out  of  the 
furnace  to  the  king.  —  The  angel  ascends.  —  The  king 
praises  God  and  favors  his  servants. — Acknoivledges  the 
wisdo'ni  of  Daniel. 

N6  hwseSere  j'set  Daniel  ged(5n  mihte, 

]>get  h6  wolde  metodes  mihte  gelyfan  : 
170  ac  M  wyrcan  ongan  weoh  on  felda, 

pam  ])e  d^rmdde  Diran  Mtou, 

se  wses  on  ]>8ere  ];^de,  ];e  swtt  []nymlice]  hatte 

bresne  Babilouige  :  ])asre  burge  weard 

^nne  manlican  of  er  metodes  ^st 
175  gyld  of  golde  gumum  ^rserde, 

forpam  li6  gieliw  ne  wass,  gnmrices  weard 

r^Se  and  ra3dle'as,  rihtes  [ne  gymde]. 

p^  wearS  h^leSa  hlyst,  ]:k  hldbSor  cwom 
byman  stefne  ofcr  bnrhware. 
180  p^  hie  for  ]jam  cnmble  on  cn^wum  sjeton, 
onhnigon  t6  j^am  herige  haeSne  ]j^de, 
wurSedon  wihgyld  (ne  wiston  wrsestran  raed) , 
efnedou  nnrihtddm,  swA  hyra  aldor  dyde 
m^u6  gemenged,  m6de  gefr^cnod  ; 


44  DANIEL.  [185-218. 

185  frcmde  folcm;x?gen,  sw^  h3'ra  fr^a  serest 

unraed  ef  nde  ;  him  Jjses  sefter  becwom 

3'fel  endelean  :  unriht  dydc  ! 

p£er  ])ri  wacron  on  j^aes  ]:^dnes  bj^'ig 

eoiias  Israela,  Jiet  hie  ii  iioldoii 
190  hyra  ])^dnes  dom  j'afigaii  onginnan, 

]>set  hie  to  ])am  bdacDC  gebedii  rairde, 

])^ah  ]'e  ]'ddY  on  byrig  b3'man  sungon  : 

]^k  wa^ron  aeSehim  Abrahames  beam, 

wa^ron  wserfaeste,  wiston  drihten 
195  6cne  uppe  aehnihtue. 

Cnihtas  cyneg6de  cAS  gedydon, 

p9et  hie  him  ]jaet  gold  t6  gode  noldon 

habban  ne  healdan  ac  pone  li^an  cyning, 

g^sta  hyrde,  pe  him  gife  sealde. 
200  Oft  hie  t6  b^te  balde  gecwaedon, 

))8et  hie  pses  wiges  wihtc  ne  r6hton 

ne  hie  t6  ])am  gebede  gebsedan  mihte 

hseSen  heriges  wisa,  paet  liie  pider  hweorfan  woldeu, 

guman  to  ]^am   gyldnan  gylde,   pe   he  him  t6  gode 
get^de. 
205  pegnas  pdbdne  sregdon,  pset  hie  psere  ge]>eahte  naeron 

hseftas  li6ran  in  jnsse  h^an  byrig, 

];9et  pis  [hseSengyld]  h^rgan  ne  willacS 

ne  ])isne  wig  wurftigean,  pe  pu  ])e  t6  wundrum  t^dest. 

p^  him  bolgenm6d  liabilone  weard 
210  yrre  andswarode  ;  corhnn  onmselde 

grimme  ]'^m  gingum  and  g^cre  oncwaeS, 

j'ait  hie  gegnunga  gyldan  sceolde 

o5(Se  prowigean  prtTanied  micel, 

frecne  fj^res  wybn,  nymSe  hie  friSes  wolde 
215  wihiian  t6  pam  wyrrestan,  weras  Ebrda, 

gnman  t6  ]mm  golde,  ])e  li6  him  t6  gode  tdbde. 

Noldon  ];^h  yd  hyssas  hj'ran  larum 

in  hige  haj6num,  hogedon  georne, 


219-:246.]  DANIEL.  45 

]7a9t  se  godes  ealle  gelseste 
220  aud  ue  awilcodon  wereda  drihtne, 
ne  heanmaegeii  liwyrfe  in  li«5end6m  : 
ne  hie  t6  Mcne  freoSo  wiluedan, 
Jj^ah  ])e  him  se  bitera  deaS  gebodeu  wsere. 
pk  wearS  yvve  anm6d  cTiiing  : 
225  Mt  M  [egeslice]  ofii  oiihtfitan 

16  ovale  ciiilita  feorum,  forpam  ])e  hie  his  crseftas  on- 

s6cou. 
pk  hd  wses  gegl^ded,  sw4  h^  grimmost  mihte, 
Mcu^  fyres  lig^,  ]k  M  ]>ydeY  folc  samnode 
aud  gebindan  h^t  Babilone  weard 
230  grim  and  gealhm6d  godes  spelbodan, 
h^t  ])k  his  scealcas  scAfan  ]>k  hyssas 
in  bselbly^se,  beornas  ginge. 
Gearo  wses,  se  him  g^ce  gefremede ;  ]:ehh  ])e  hie  sw^ 

grome  nydde 
in  fseSm  fyres  lige,  hwseSere  heora  feorh  generede 
235  mihtig  metodes  weard,  sw4  jjset  maenige  gefrunon, 
h^lige  him   ])aer  help  get^ode.     Sende  him  of  helin 

rodore 
god  gumeua  weard  g.4st  l^one  h^lgan  ; 
engel  in  ]?one  ofn  irinan  becwom,  pser  hie  past  aghtc 

dnigon, 
fr^bearn  fssSmum  bepeahte  under  patti  fyrenan  hrdfe  : 
240  ne  mihte  pelih  heora  wlite  gewemmau  [ne  him  wrdht 

dSfsestan] 
wylm  p88s  wsefrau  liges,  pd  hie  se  waldeud  nerede. 
Hr^ohmdd   wses    se   hseSena   p^den,   het  hie  hraSe 

bsernan : 
seled  wses  ungesc^ad  micel.    p^  wses  se  ofen  ouhseted, 
Iseu  eall  purhgleded  :  hine  pser  esnas  msenige 
245  wurpon  wudu  on  innan,   swil  him  wses   on  wordum 

ged^med, 
bseron  brandas  on  bryne  blAcan  fyres. 


46  DANIEL.  [247-280. 

Woklc  wulflieort  cj'ning  wall  onsweallan 

Iserne  ymb  sefteste,  66  Jiaet  up  gcw^t 

lig  ofer  l^fum  and  Jnuii  Inst  gesl6h 
250  micl<5  mAre,  ])onne  gemot  waere. 

pd  se  lig  gewand  on  la?)e  men 

hsefine  of  hAlgura.     Ilyssas  waeron 

bll6em6de,  burnon  scealcas 

3'mb  ofen  fttan  :  alet  gehwearf 
255  t^nfnllum  on  teso,  ]^8er  t6  geseah 

Babilone  brego.     BliSe  waeron 

eorlas  Ebr^a,  6festnni  heredon 

drihten  on  drdame,  dydon  swa  hie  cASon 

ofne  on  innan  aldre  generede. 
2G0  Guman  gl{fidm6de  god  wurSedon, 

under  |)8es  fai(5me  j^e  gefl3'med  wearcS 

Mcne  fyres  liaeto  :  fr^bearn  wurdon 

Maeten  liges  ganga  ;  ue  hie  him  |>8er  1^8  gedj'don  : 

naes  him  se  sw6g  t6  sorge  ])on  mk  pe  sunnan  scima ; 
265  ne  se  bryne  bdbt  maicgum,  l^enden  in  ])am  bdbte  waeron, 

ac  ]5a3t  fyr  sc,yde  t6.  |)dm  ])e  ])k  sc3'lde  worhton : 

hweorfon    \!§i    hseSenan    liseftas    fram   pdm   lialgum 
cnihton ; 

werigra  wlite  minsode,  I'^ra  ]7e  ]/y  worc6  gef<§gon. 

Geseah  ]>k  swi5m6d  C3'ning,  ]'d  h6  his  sefan  ontrebwde, 
270  wundor  on  wite  Agangen  ;  him  |:ffit  wrsecltc  ]>t^hte  : 

h3'ssas  liAle  hwurfon  in  ])am  hiitan  ofne 

calle  aefseste  ]>iy  [unforb^rned] . 

Him  dac  ]>ser  wses  ^n  on  gesyhSe 

engel  a^lmihtiges  :  him  J^a^r  6wiht  ne  derede, 
275  ac  wscs  J>8er  inne  ealles  geltcost 

efne  jionne  on  sumera  sunne  scineS 

and  d(faw-drtas  on  daege  weovSe8 

winde  geoudsAwen.     pa3t  wa3s  wuldres  god, 

\)e  hie  generede  wicS  pam  niShete. 
280  pa  Azarias  ingej^ancum 


281-315.]  DANIEL.  47 

hl^Srade  halig  Jmrh  luttne  lig 

clseda  georn  ;  clrihten  h^recle 

wer  womiiia  leas  and  ]k  word  ^cwaeb  : 

Metod  alwihta !  hwset,  ]>u  eart  mihtum  swiS 
285  ni^as  t6  nergenne  !  is  ]An  iiama  m^iere 

wlitig  and  wuldorfaest  ofer  wer|j^d^5rX-*J^^?9^^^ 

siendon  ]nne  d6mas  in  daga  geliwHnr,.^  ^  ^^  '  />^^v 

s6Se  and  geswrSde  and  gesigef8est»,<^ 

swd  ]m  e^c  sj-lfa  eart  [sigores  waklM^d]  ! 
290  S3mdon  ]nne  willan  on  woruldsp^dum  "^^^ 

rihte  and  gerAme,  rodora  waldend  ! 

G^ca  ^ser  georne  nu,  g^sta  scippend, 

and  ]7urh  [h^-ldo]  help,  htilig  drihten, 

nu  w^  ])ec  for  J^r^anni  and  for  jrifo-n^Mum 
295  and  for  eliSm^dum  ^rna  bidda6 

lig6  beldgde  !     W^  ]:8es  lifgeude 

worhton  on  worulde,  eke  jion  worn  dyde 

fiser  jidran  for  oferhygdum, 

br^ecou  bebodo  bnrhsittende, 
300  hM  oferhogedon  liMgan  lifes. 

Siendon  w^  tdwrecene  geond  widne  grund 

hdapum  t6hworfene  h3dde  lelise  : 

is  Ciser  lif  geond  land  a  fela 

fracoS  and  gefraege  folca  maneguna, 
305  j^A  usie  bewraecon  t6  fses  wjTrestan 

eorScyninga  sehta  gewealde, 

on  hseft  heorugrimra,  and  we  nu  haeSenra 

pdbwn^d  ])oliaS  :  |>aes  ]>e  j^anc  sie, 

wereda  Avuldorc3'niug,  ],set  ]m  As  yAs  wrace  t^dest ! 
310  Ne  forlaet  ])u  usic,  ^na  ^ce  drihten, 

for  |)^in  miltsum  ]>e  ]>ec  men  hligat5 

and  for  ];dra  tr^owum  ]>e  ]m  tirum  fsest, 

niSa  nergend,  genumen  haefdest 

t6  Abrahame  and  t6  Isaace 
315  and  id  Jacobe,  g^sta  scyppend  ! 


48  DANIEL.  [31G-350. 

]ni  him  ]  net  geliete  jmrli  lildb(5orcwyde, 

]:agt  ]>u  heora  fromcyu  in  fyrndagum 

lean  woldc,  J^sette  refter  liim 

on  cn^rissum  cenncd  wiirde, 
320  and  s^  msenigeo  maire  waere 

h^t  t6  hebbanne,  swd  lieofonsteorran 

bebtigaS  br^dnc  liw3'rft  68  ])i'i  brimfaro, 

])ses  sflefaro5a  sand  geond  sealtne  wa^g 

in  care  gryndeS,  j^aet  ]ais  his  unrim  4 
325  in  wintra  worn  wurSan  sceolde. 

Fyl  nn  frumsprsece,  ]j^h  heora  f^a  lifigen, 

wlitiga  pinne  wordcwyde  and  ]'in  wuldor  on  hs ! 

gecyS  craeft  and  miht,  ]>sdt  ])set  Caldeas 

and  folca  fela  gefrigen  habbat), 
330  ])d  ]>e  under  heofenum  hai5ene  lifigea'5, 

and  I'set  ]m  dna  eart  ece  drihten, 

weroda  waldend,  woruldgeseeafta 

sigora  settend,  sdSfsest  metod  ! 

Sw^  se  h^lga  wer  h^rgende  wxs 
335  metodes  niiltse  and  his  mihta  sp6d 

rehte  ])urh  reorde.     pd  of  roderum  waes 

engel  aelbeorht  ufan  onsended, 

wlitescyne  wer  on  his  wuldorhaman, 

se  him  cwom  t6  frdfre  and  t6  feorhnere 
340  mid  hifan  and  mid  lisse,  se  ))one  lig  tosceaf  , 

hAlig  and  heofonbeorht  h^tan  fyres, 

t6sw^p  hine  and  t6swende  ])urh  ]>h  swiSan  miht 

ligges  l^man,  paet  hyra  lice  ne  woes 

6wiht  geegled  :  ac  he  on  andau  sl6h 
345  fyr  on  fdbndas  for  fyrendaedum. 

pA,  waes  on  j^am  ofue,  j^aer  se  engel  becwom, 

windig  and  W3'nsum  wedere  gelicost, 

])onnc  hit  on  sumercs  tid  sended  weor(5e(5 

dropcna  drc^arung  on  doeges  liwile, 
350  wearmlic  wolcna  scClr  :  swylc  bi6  wedera  C3^st, 


351-385.]  DANIEL.  49 

sw3'lc  waes  on  ]?am  fyre  fr^n  militum 

liMgum  to  lielpe  ;  wearS  se  htita  lig 

t6drifen  and  tOdwsesced,  ];aer  fCi  dsedhwatan 

geond  fone  ofeu  ^don  aud  se  engel  mid 
355  feorii  nerigeude,  se  ]ser  f^rSa  wses, 

Ananias  and  Az arias 

and  Misael.     paer  ]  A,  modliwatan 

]ny  on  gepancum  j.^den  heredon  ; 

baedon  bletsiau  beam  Israela 
360  eall  landgesceaft  ^cne  drihten, 

J^^bda  waldend.     SwA  hie  piy  cwaedon 

mddum  liorsce  ]?urb  gemsene  word  ; 

pe  gebletsige,  byl^'wit  f£eder, 

woruldcrsefta  wlite  and  weorca  gehwilc, 
365  heofenas  and  englas  and  liluttor  wseter ! 

])A  ])e  on  rodernm  on  rihti-e  gesceaft 

wuniaS  in  wuldre,  pA  ]?ec  wur6ia(5, 

and  l^ec,  ifihnihtig,  ealle  gesceafte, 

rodorbeorhtan  tungki,  pA  ]:e  lyne  healdaS, 
370  sunna  and  in6na,  snndor  dnra  geiiwilc 

herige  in  bade  !  and  heofonsteorran, 

de'aw  and  d^r  sc^r,  j^a  ])ec  d6mige 

and  l^ec,  god  mihtig,  gdstas  lofige  ! 

byrnende  fyr  and  beorbt  smnor 
375  nergend  herga^,  nilit  somod  and  dseg ! 

and  pec  landa  gehwilc,  l<^ht  and  p^stro, 

herige  on  hMe,  somod  hat  and  ceald  ! 

and  pec,  fr^a  mihtig,  forstas  and  sndwas, 

winterbiter  weder  and  wolcenfaru 
380  lofige  on  lyfte  !  and  pec  ligetu, 

bldce  berhtmhwate,  pd  pec  blestige  ! 

eall  eor^an  grand,  ^ce  drihten, 

hyllas  and  hrusan  and  h^a  beorgas, 

sealte  si^wsegas,  s6Sfaest  metod, 
385  t^str^m  ySa  and  upc3nno 


50  DANIEL.  [886-420. 

waeterspr3'nc  wylla,  \yk  fee  wiirSia^  ! 

hwalas  )jec  h6riga(S  and  hefonfiigolas 

l3ftldeende  !  ]>§i  pe  lagostr^amas 

waeterscipe  weegati  and  wildu  d(^r 
390  and  ndata  gehwilc  naman  bletsie, 

and  manna  beam  m6duni  lufiaS 

and  ]>ec  Isra^la,  selita  scj'ppend, 

b6riga(5  in  h^de  b^rran  sinne ! 

and  ])ec  bMigra  beortan  crseftas, 
395  sdSfsestra  gebwses  sitwle  and  g^stas 

lofia8  liffr^an,  l^an  sellende 

eallum  [sefsestum]  ^ce  drihten  ! 

Annanias  J^ec  and  Adzarias 

and  Misadl,  metod,  d6mige 
400  br^stgej^aneum  !     We  pec  bletsiaS, 

frtTa  folca  gebwaes,  faeder  aebnibtig, 

s65  sunu  metodes,  s^wla  nergend, 

bsele6a  belpend,  and  j^ec,  b^bg  g^st, 

wui*5ia8  in  wuldre,  witig  dribten ! 
405  we  ]'ec  b^rigaS,  b^bg  dribten, 

and  gebedum  brema'8  !  pu  gebletsad  eart 

gewurSad  [wide]  ferbS  ofer  wornUle  brdf 

b^bcyning  beofones  balgum  mibtum 

bfes  l^btfruma  ofer  landa  gebwilc  ! 
410  p^  ])8et  ebtode  eaklor  ];^ode 

Nabocbodonossor  wifi  pA-m  nCbstum 

folcgesiSum  :  pset  tTower  fela  gescab, 

|)^de  mine,  paet  w6  ])Yy  sendon 

geboden  t6  baele  in  bjrnende 
415  f3'res  Ionian  !     Nn  ic  ]'aer  f^wer  men 

ges^  to  s6(5e  :  nales  me  sefa  It^geS  ! 

pA,  cwaed,  se  pe  waes  C3ninges  raeswa 

wis  and  wordglc^w  :  piet  is  wundra  sum, 

}>aet  w6  J^aer  c^gum  on  16cia'8  ! 
420  gepenc,  f^den  min,  })lne  geiysna ! 


421-454.]  DANIEL.  51 

ong3't  georne,  hw^  ]^d  gyfe  sealde 

gingiim  gaedelingum  !  hie  god  heriga(5 

dune  6cue  and  ealles  him 

be  naman  gehwam  on  n^d  spreca^, 
425  J^anciaS  jn-ymnies  pristiim  wordiim, 

cweSaS  h^  sie  dna  sehiiihtig  god, 

witig  wuldorcyning  woiide  and  heofona. 

Aban  ]m  ]>k  beornas,  brego  Cald^a, 

tit  of  ofne  !  nis  pset  6wihtes  god, 
430  ])8et  hie  sien  on  pam  IdSe  leug  ponne  ]m  jnirfe. 

H^t  ])k  se  C3'ning  t6  him  cnihtas  gangan : 

hyssas  hearde  hyrdon  Idre, 

cyrdon  c^'negdde,  sw4  hie  gecySde  wa^ron, 

Hwurfon  haeleS  geonge  t6  l^am  hae^enan  foran  : 
435  wa^ron  ]^k  bendas  f  orburnene,  ]>k  him  on  bdnnm  hlgon, 

MSsearo  l^da  cyninges,  and  hyra  lice  geborgen  ; 

nses  hyra  wlite  gewemmed  ne  nsenig  wr6ht  on  hr^egle, 

ne  feax  fyr6  beswseled,  ac  hie  on  fri6e  drihtnes 

of  j^am  grimman  giyre  glade  treddedon 
440  gle'awmdde  guman  on  gdstes  hj^ld. 

pk  gewdt  se  engel  up,  s^can  him  eee  dre'amas, 

on  he'ahne  hrdf  heofona  rices, 

h^hj^egen  and  hold  hMgum  metode  : 

hsefde  on  ]mm.  wundre  gewurSod,  J^e  ]k  gewyrhto  Miton. 
445  H3^ssas  heredon  drihten  for  pam  hseSenan  folce, 

sewton  hie  s65cwidum  and  him  saedon  fela 

s66ra  tdcna,  6S  pset  \i6  sylfa  gelyfde, 

pset  se  wsere  mihta  waldend,  se  pe  hie  of  pam  mirce 
generede. 

Geb^ad  pd  se  brassna  Babilone  weard 
450  swi5m6d  sinum  l^dum,  pset  se  wsere  his  aldrd  scyldig, 

pe  paes  onsdce,  paette  s6S  waere 

maere  mihta  waldend,  se  hie  of  pam  morSre  dlysde. 

Agaef  him  ]A  his  It^xla  Mfe,  pe  paer  geleedde  wa^ron, 

and  nahte  ealdf(^udum,  past  hie  dre  haefdon. 


52  DANIEL.  [455-480. 

455  Wses  licora  blsod  in  Babilonc,  siSSan  hie  ]:one  bryne 
fandedou ; 

d6m  wcariS  ajfter  dngu^e  gccySed,  siS(5an  hie  drihtne 
gehyrdon ; 

waeron  hyra  raedas  rice,  si65an  hie  rodera  waldend 

hdlig  heofonrices  weard  wi5  pone  hearm  gescj^lde. 

p4  ic  s^can  gefraegn  s65um  worduni, 
460  siSSan  hd  wundor  onget  [worden  in  ofne] 

Babilones  weard  ]mrh  bryne  fj^res, 

ht.  ]5^  h3-ssas  |:ij  h^tan  ofnes 

faergryre  fyres  oferfaren  hsefdon, 

W3'lm  ]mrhw6don,  sw4  him  wiht  ne  scdbd 
465  grim  gieda  niS,  godes  spelbodan, 

fr6cnau  fyres,  ac  him  MS  drihtnes 

wis  ])aes  egesan  gryre  aldor  gescj-lde. 

p^  se  ])^den  ongan  gepinges  wyrcan, 

h6t  ])4  t6somne  sine  l^de 
470  and  \>^  on  ]'am  meSle  ofer  menigo  bebelid 

wyrd  gewordene  and  wundor  godes, 

j'Sette  on  ]'^m  cnihtnm  gecySed  waes : 

OnhicgaS  nu  h^lige  mihte, 

■wise  wundor  godes  !  we  ges^won, 
475  paet  h6  wiS  cweabTie  gebearh  enihtum  on  ofne 

Ucende  lig,  ]'^m  pe  his  lof  bat'ron  : 

forpam  M  is  dna  6ce  sehnihtig 

[dugoSa]  drihten,  se  ])e  him  d6m  forgeaf, 

sp6wende  sped,  ]j^m  ]:e  his  spel  beraS  : 
480  forpon  witigaS  purh  wundor  monige 

hdlgum  g^lstum,  pe  his  hyld  curon. 

CftS  is,  pait  me  Daniel  dyglan  swefnes 

s6(5e  gesaede,  pait  Ddv  swiSe  OSstOd 

manegum  on  m6de  minra  l^da, 
485  forpam  ailmihtig  t^cenne  g^st 

m  sefan  sende,  snyttro  craeftas. 


487-511.]  DANIEL.  53 


IV. 

Stilly  the  king  is  defiant.  — His  dream  and  vision  of  the  great 
tree.  —  Summons  his  ivise  men  to  interpret.  —  Daniel 
summoned.  —  Interprets  the  dream  as  prophetic  of  the 
Icing's  fate.  —  Pride  and  downfall  of  the  king.  —  His  re- 
formation and  re-establishment. — Acknowledgment  of  God. 
—  His  public  acts  and  death. 

Sw4  wordum  sprgec  werodes  rseswa, 

Babilone  weard,  si65an  h^  beaceu  onget, 

swutol  t^cn  godes  :  u6  })y  sdl  dyde, 
490  ac  pam  seSelinge  oferhj'gd  gescedd, 

weai"^  him  h3'rra  h^^ge  and  ou  heortan  gepanc 

m^ran  mddsefan,  })onne  gemet  wsere, 

6^  ]>8et  hine  mid  n3Me  n3'6or  dsette 

metod  selmihtig,  swd  h^  manegum.  d^5 
495  p^ra  J^e  jnirh  oferhyd  up  dstigeS. 

pk  him  wearS  ou  slsepe  swefen  astywed, 

Nabochodonossor  :  him  past  neh  gewearS  ; 

])tihte  him,  J^set  on  foldan  faegre  st6de 

■yvudubeam  wlitig,  se  wses  wyrtum  fsest, 
500  beorht  on  blaedum ;  nses  h^  bearwe  gelic, 

ac  h^  hlifode  t6  heofontungium, 

swilce  hd  oferfse^rade  foldan  sce'atas, 

ealne  middangeard  66  merestreamas, 

twigum  and  telgum,  peer  h^  t6  geseah  : 
505  ]>tihte  him,  paet  se  wudubeam  wildd^r  scilde, 

dne  sete  eallum  ht^lde, 

sw3dce  fuglas  eac  heora  feorhnere 

on  ])8ds  be'ames  bl^dum  n4me  ; 

]ytihte  him,  ]?ast  engel  ufan  of  rodenim 
510  stlgan  cw6me  and  stefne  .4bead 

torhtan  reorde,  h^t  paet  treow  ceorfan 


54  DANIEL.  [512-546. 

and  ]'A,  wilder  on  weg  fl^n 

swylce  ^ac  pa  fugolas,  ])onne  his  fyll  c6me  ; 

bet  j'onue  besnosdan  seolfes  blaeduni, 
515  twigum  and  telgum  and  ]>eh  t4cen  wesau, 

wunian  wyrtruraan  ]>ses  wudnb^ames 

eorcSan  faestne,  6h  paet  eft  cyme 

gr^ue  bl6da,  ponne  god  sylle  ; 

b^t  ^ac  gebindan  b^m  )?one  miclau 
520  aerenum  clammum  and  Isernum 

and  gesseledne  in  sAsl  d6n, 

paet  his  in6d  wite,  ]>set  mihtigra 

wite  wealdeS,  ponne  h6  him  wi6  maege. 

p^  of  slsepe  onw6c  (swefn  wses  set  ende) 
525  eorSlic  aeSeling  :  him  pass  egesa  stM 

giyre  fram  pam  g^ste,  ])e  pyder  god  sende. 

H^t  p^  tdsomne  sine  Idbde, 

folctogan  ;  fraegn  ofer  ealle 

swi(5m6d  cyning,  hwset  paet  swefen  bude  : 
530  nalles  ]>y  h6  w^ndc,  pset  hie  hit  wiston, 

ac  he  cunnode,  liA  hie  cweSan  woldon. 

pk  waes  t6  pam  d6me  Daniel  h^ten, 

godes  spelboda  :  him  wses  gaest  geseald 

hMig  of  heofonum,  se  his  hyge  trymede  ; 
•   535  on  pam  drihtenweard  d(^pne  wisse 

sefan  sidne  gepanc  and  sn^'tro  craeft, 

wlsne  wordcwide.     Eft  h^  wnndor  manig 

metodes  mihta  for  men  aetbaer, 

pfi  h6  secgan  ongan  swefnes  w6man 
540  h^hheort  and  haeJ^en  heriges  wisa 

ealne  pone  egesan,  pe  him  ^wed  waes, 

baed  bine  ^reccan,  liwiiet  sdb  rAn  bude, 

h6fe  hAligu  word  and  in  hige  funde 

16  gesecganne  s6(Sum  wordum, 
545  hwaet  se  bdkm  bude,  pe  he  bltcan  gcscah, 

and  him  witgode  wyrda  gejnngu. 


547-581.]  DANIEL.  55 

H^  ]?4  swigode  :  hw8et5ere  s6S  ongeat 

Daniel  set  ])am  d6rae,  j^set  liLs  drihten  wses 

gumena  aldor  wi6  god  scyldig ; 
550  wandode  se  wisa  ;  hwaeSre  h^  woixM  cwseS 

^rcraeftig  ^r  t6  ])am  seSelinge  : 

paet  is,  weredes  weard,  wundor  imlytel, 

J'aet  ]m  ges^we  ])urli  swefen  cuman 

heofonhe'ane  b^m  and  ])k  h^lgan  word 
555  yrre  and  egeslicu,  ]>k  se  engel  cwaeS, 

paet  ]'8et  treow  sceolde  telgum  besnaeded 

foran  ^feallan,  |;8et  ser  faeste  st6d, 

and  fonne  mid  d^rum  dre'aml^as  b^n, 

w^sten  wiinian  and  his  W3'rtrumaii 
560  foldan  befolen  fyrstmearc  wesan 

stille  on  sta6ole,  sw^  st^  stefn  gecwse^, 

ymb  seofon  tida  ssede  eft  onf  6n  : 

sw^  ])ln  bleed  liS  !     Swd  se  b(^m  gew(^x 

h^ah  t6  heofonum,  swd  ]m  hseleSum  eart 
565  ^na  eallum  eorSbtlendum 

weard  and  wisa  :  nis  pe  wiSerbreca 

man  on  moldan  nymSe  metod  ana, 

se  ]>ec  ^ceorfeS  of  cyningddme 

and  ])ec  winel^asne  on  wraec  sendeS 
570  and  J^onne  onhweorfeS  heortan  ]nne, 

fset  ]>u  ne  gem3'ndgast  aefter  mandre'ame 

ne  gewittes  w^st  butan  wildt^ra  j^e'aw, 

ac  ]>u  lifgende  lange  ])rage 

heorta  hlypum  geond  holt  wunast : 
575  ne  bi^  pec  msel  m^te  nymSe  m6res  grses 

ne  rest  witod,  ac  ])ec  regna  scAr 

w^ce^  and  wrece^  sw^  wildu  d^r, 

66  I'set  ]m  3'mb  seofon  winter  s65  gel3'fest, 

]>set  sie  An  metod  eallum  mauniim 
580  reccend  and  rice,  se  on  roderum  is. 

Is  me  swA  })^h  willa,  paet  se  wyrtruma 


56  DANIEL.  [582-GlC. 

stille  waes  on  sta(Sole,  swd  s^  stefii  gecwaetJ, 

and  yml)  seolbn  tide  saede  onf^nge : 

swd  ]ln  rice  restende  l)i6 
585  auwlOli  for  eorlinn,  66  ] aet  ju  eft  cj^mst. 

Gelij'ge  ]m,  fr^  mln,  faestlicne  rsed  : 

syle  aelmyssan,  wes  earmra  lildb, 

]nnga  for  ]  dbdne,  aer  ];am  st^  J^rali  cyme, 

])aet  M  pec  ^weorpe  of  woruldrice  ! 
590  Oft  metod  klset  monige  J^de 

[w^an  and]  wyrcan,  J^onne  hie  woldon  sylfe 

firene  faestan,  aer  him  faer  godes 

]mrh  egesan  gryre  Mdv^  gescedde. 

N6  ]^aes  fela  Daniel  t6  his  drihtne  gesprasc 
595  s6t^ra  worda  jnirh  snytro  craeft, 

]:aet  I  aes  d  se  rica  r^can  wolde 

middanoreardes  weard,  ac  his  m6d  dstdh 

h^h  fram  heortan  :  M  J^aes  hearde  ongeald  ! 

Ongan  pd  gyddigan  purh  g}  Ip  micel 
600  Cald^a  C3'ning,  pd  he  ceastre  weall, 

Babilone  burh,  on  his  blaede  geseah 

Sennera  feld  sidne  bewindan, 

ht^h  hlifigan,  |:8et  se  heretjma 

werede  geworhte  ]mrh  wnudor  micel 
605   (wearS  \'k  Tinhydig  ofer  ealle  men 

swi6m6d  on  sefan  for  paere  sundorgife, 

])&  him  god  sealde  gnmena  rice 

world  t6  gewealde  in  wera  life)  : 

pu  eart  s(^  micle  and  min  s«^  maerc  burh, 
610  ))e  ic  geworhte  t6  wur(Smyndum, 

rdnic  rice  !  ic  reste  on  pe, 

eard  and  6tSel  dgan  wylle  ! 

pd  for  )>am  gylpe  gnmena  drihten 

forfangen  wear<5  and  on  fldkm  gewdt, 
615  »1na  on  oferhyd  ofer  ealle  men. 

Swc^  w6d  wera  on  gewindagum 


617-651.J  DANIEL.  57 

g^crostue  st^  in  godes  wite, 

])Ara  pe  eft  lifigende  Idbde  beg^te, 

Nabochodouossor,  siS^an  him  niS  godes 
620  hr^5  of  heofouum  hete  gesceode. 

Seofon  winter  somod  siisl  prowode 

wild^ra  westen  winbiirge  cyning. 

pk  se  earfoSmSecg  up  Idcade 

wilddbra  gewita  jnirh  wolcna  gang  ; 
625  gemunde  ]>d  on  m6de,  p?et  metod  wsere 

heofona  h^ahcyning  baeleSa  bearnnm 

^na  6ce  g^st.     pd  h^  eft  onhwearf 

w6dan  gewittes,  J^aes  j^e  b^  ser  wide  bser 

herewdsan  bige  heortan  getenge  : 
630  ]>d  bis  g^st  dbwearf  in  godes  gemynd, 

mdd  t6  niannum,  si5San  b§  metod  onget. 

Gewdt  ])k  earmsceapen  eft  siSian 

nacod  nydgenga,  ni5ge])afa, 

wundorlic  wrsecca  and  wseda  lelis 
635  msetra  on  m6dge]^anc  t6  mancynne, 

J?onne  gumena  weard  in  gylpe  wses. 

St6d  middangeard  aefter  mandribtne, 

eard  and  ^6el  defter  pam  seSebnge 

seofon  winter  samod,  swd  n6  swiSrode 
640  rice  under  roderum,  65  past  se  raBswa  com. 

p4  wges  eft  geseted  in  aldorddm 

Babilone  wi&ard,  haefde  beteran  peliw, 

l^btran  geldafan  in  liffruman, 

])aette  god  sealde  gumena  gebwilcum 
645  welan  swd  wite,  swd  bd  wolde  sylf. 

Ne  lengde  ]>d  Idbda  aldor 

witegena  wordcwyde,  ac  h^  wide  b^ad 

metodes  mibte,  ])ses  b^  meld  dbte ; 

siSfaet  saegde  sinum  l^dnm, 
650  wide  waSe,  ]>e  b^  mid  wilddt^rum  ilttfab, 

65  J^a^t  bim  frelm  godes  m  gdst  becwom 


58  DANIEL.  [052-670. 

raedftest  sefa,  ]>a  M  t6  roderum  bcscali. 

Wyrd  waes  gcwordcn,  wundor  gecySed, 

swefn  gest'5ed,  sftsl  dwumieu, 
655  d6m  gcdemed,  swk  <ner  Daniel  cwseS, 

]>8et  se  folctoga  findaii  sceolde 

earfo5si6as  for  his  oferm^dlan, 

swA,  M  geornlice  god  spellode 

metodes  mihtum  for  maiicynne. 
660  SiSSan  in  Babilone  burhsittendum 

lange  hwile  Idre  ssegde 

Daniel  ddmas.     SiS(5an  d^ra  gest(5 

wildra  wsergenga  of  w^^e  cwom, 

Nabochodonossor  of  niSwracum, 
665  si58an  weardode  wide  rice, 

h^ld  haeleSa  gestr^n  and  ]'>k  he'an  burh 

fr6d  foreraihtig  folca  raeswa, 

Cald^a  cyniug,  65  j^aet  him  cwelm  gesc^d, 

swk  him  ofer  eoi*San  andsaca  ne  waes 
670  gnmena  aenig,  68  paet  him  god  wolde 

])urh  hryre  hreddan  he'a  rice. 


V. 

Reign  of  Belsliazzar.  —  His  downfall  and  the  transfer  of  the 
kingdom  to  the  Medes  foretold.  —  Belshazzar's  feast.  —  The 
desecration  of  the  sacred  vessels.  —  Defiance  of  God.  — 
T7ie  mysterious  writing  on  the  tvall.  —  Daniel  summoned  to 
inter2yret.  —  His  words  to  the  Icing* 

SiSSan  ]'ser  his  aferan  ^d  bryttedon, 
welan,  wunden  gold  in  psere  widan  by  rig, 
ealhstede  eorla  unw^clice, 
675  h(^h  hordmaegon,  |>A  hyra  hldford  laeg. 

pA  in  paire  p^de  {iw6c  his  J'a^t  priddc  cn^w, 


677-711.]  DANIEL.  59 

waes  Baldazar  burga  aldor, 

wdbld  wera  rices,  65  ]^set  him  wleuco  gesc^d, 

oferhyd  cgle  :  ]>^  waes  endedseg, 
680  ]'8es  pe  Cald^as  cyningdom  Tihtou, 

])d  metod  onld,h  Medum  and  Persum 

aldorddnies  jmb  litel  faec, 

let  Babilone  bleed  swi(5rian, 

f  one  ])k  bsele^  healdan  sceoldou  ; 
685  wiste  M  ealdormen  in  unrihtnm, 

pd  ]>e  ]>j  iic6  raedan  sceoldou. 

pd  ]'8et  gehogode  hamsittende 

Meda  aldor,  ]?aet  ser  man  ne  ougan, 

])8et  M  Babilone  dbrecan  wolde, 
690  alhstede  eorla,  faer  seSelingas 

under  wealla  h\<^  welan  br3'tuedon  : 

])8et  waes  ])^ra  fsestna  folcum  cfiSost, 

maest  and  ma^rost,  ]:dra  pe  men  bCm, 

Babilon  burga,  dSpset  Baldazar 
695  Jmrh  g^lp  grome  godes  freasade. 

Saeton  liim  set  wine  wealle  belocene, 

ne  ondgdon  nd  orlegra  niS, 

pe^ah  ]>e  f^onda  folc  f^ran  cw6me 

herega  gersedum  16  psere  lie'ahb3-rig, 
700  pset  hie  Babilone  4brecan  mihton. 

Gesaet  ])k  t6  symble  sidestan  daeg^ 

Cald^a  cyning  mid  cndbm^gum  : 

pser  medugM  wearS  maegenes  wisa, 

Mht  ])4  [on  aeht]  beran  Isra^la  gestr^u, 
705  hftslfatu  liMegu  on  hand  werum, 

pd  ser  Cald^as  mid  c^'neprymm^ 

cempan  in  ceastre  clsene  gen^mon, 

gold  in  Qernsalem,  ]>^  hie  Jud^a 

blsed  forbrsecon  billa  ecgum 
710  and  Jmrh  hl^Sor  cyme  herige  genamon 

torhte  frsetwe,  pd,  hie  tempel  strudon, 


60  DANIEL.  [712-746. 

Salomones  seld  :  swtSe  gulpou. 

p^  wears  bli6em6d  biirga  aldor, 

gealp  gramlice  gode  on  andan, 
715  cwaeS  ))8et  his  liergas  hj'rrau  wa^ron 

and  mihtigran  mannum  t6  fri8e, 

ponne  Israela  6ce  drihten. 

Him  ])8es  tAcen  weart5,  ])8er  h^  t6  starude, 

egeslic  for  eorlnm  innan  healle, 
720  pset  M  for  le^dnm  lygeword  gecwaetS, 

]yk  paer  in  egesan  engel  drihtnes 

l^t  his  hand  cuman  in  )  set  heaseld, 

wr4t  ]iii  in  wage  word  a  gerynu 

baswe  b6cstafas  burhsittendnm. 
725  p4  wearS  folctoga  forht  on  m6de, 

acul  for  l^am  egesan ,  geseah  h6  engles  hand 

in  sele  writan  Sennara  wite. 

pset  gyddedon  gumena  msenigeo 

hseletS  in  healle,  hwset  st^  hand  write 
730  't6  ]mm  be'acne  burhsittendnm, 

wered^  c6mon  on  past  wnndor  sdbn  : 

s6hton  ]'A  swl6e  in  sefan  gehydum, 

hwaet  s^  hand  write  hMiges  g^stes. 

Ne  mihton  ^raedan  rClncrseftige  men 
735  engles  serendb^c,  aeSelinga  cyn, 

65  ])8et  Daniel  com  drihtne  gecoren 
-    snotor  and  s65faest  in  ]^set  seld  gangan, 

]?am  waes  on  g^iste  godes  craeft  micel. 

T6  ]7am  ic  georne  gefraegn  gyfnm  ctTapian 
740  burge  weard,  ]>SQt  h6  him  b6cstafas 

drssdde  and  Arehte,  hwaet  sdb  rftn  l)ude. 

Him  aecrteftig  andswarode 

godes  spelboda  gldkw  ge))ances  : 

N6  ic  wis  feohsceattum  ofer  folc  bere 
745  drihtnes  d6mas,  ne  j'e  dugeSe  can ! 

ac  pe  unceTapunga  orlaeg  secge. 


747-765.J  DANIEL.  61 

worda  ger3'nu,  ])k  }u  wendan  ne  miht. 

pu  for  anmedlaii  in  sebt  baere 

Mislf  atu  h^legu  on  hand  werum  : 
750  on  I'iim  ge  d^flii  drincan  ongiinnon, 

]'k  aer  Israela  in  se  haefdon 

set  godes  earce,  6S  ])aBt  hie  gylp  beswAc, 

windruucen  gewit :  swa  ])e  wurSan  sceal ! 

N6  ])8et  ]nn  aldor  sefre  wolde 
755  godes  goldfatu  in  gylp  beran 

ne  ]yy  hraSor  hremde,  ]>&ah  ]ie  here  brohte 

Israela  gestrdbn  in  his  sehte  geweald, 

ac  l^set  oftor  gecwaeS  aldor  ])^da 

s65um  wordum  ofer  sin  masgen, 
760  si(56an  him  wuldres  weard  wundor  gecySde, 

fset  hd  waere  ^na  ealra  gesceafta 

drihten  and  waldend,  se  him  d6ni  forgeaf, 

unsc^'ndne  blaed  eorSan  rices  : 

and  ]m  lignest  nu,  ];8et  sie  lifgende, 
765  se  ofer  d^ofluiii  diigeSum  wealdeS  ! 


NOTES. 


lifOTES  TO  EXODTJS. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

M.  =  March's  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar. 

The  figures  refer  to  sections  in  the  Grammar. 
B.  =  Bouterwek's  Casdmon. 
T.  =  Thorpe's  Caadmon. 
MS.  =  Original  Manuscript. 
J.  =  Junius. 
G.  =  Gothic. . 

I. 

1.  tweet!  lo!  M.  263  (2),  377  (h) ;  Beowulf  I.  1.  — gefrigen, 
have  learned  by  asking.  M.  202,  217,  224  (a).  — habbath  (habath). 
M.  222. 

2.  niiddangeard,  the  middle  earth,  between  the  upper  and  tlie 
lower  worlds.  (G.  midjun-gards.)  —  ddmas,  laivs,  counsels  (deman,  to 
judge).  Ex.  20,  domjan  (G.).  —  The  next  five  lines  may  be  regarded  as 
appositive  and  parenthetical. 

3.  wraeclico,  foreign,  strange  (wraetlic).  —  -word-riht,  just  law, 
oral  laic.  —  wera  (wair,  G.),  akin  to  ware,  the  plural  termination,  in- 
habitants (vir).  —  cneorissum  (cneow,  knee,  relationship). 

4.  uproder  (uprodor). — gebwam.     M.  136  (5  a). 

5.  b6te  (betan).  —  t6-b6te,  G.  bota. 

6.  rsed,  counsel,  narration  (der.  rsedan). 

7.  liaeleS'uin,  heroes,  men.  — gehyre  se  ]>e  wille:  this  is  parenthet- 
ical, and  similar  to  that  in  Scripture  :  gehyre,  se  ^e  earan  liasbbe  to 
gohyranne. 

8.  weroda  (wer),  in  J.  werode;  G.  wair. — -driliten,  used  in  com- 
position as  intensive;  drihten-bealu,  weard,  bclih.  It  is  sometimes 
written  in  the  shorter  form,  driht. 

9.  cyning,  cyn  [race,  people),  ing  (descent),  one  of  the  people. 
M.  228,  237  (der.  cunnan) ;  G.  kuni. 

11.  alwalda  (alwealda,  alwaldend).  So  we  have  the  term  Bret- 
walda.  —  seht  (ugan),  ought,  oivn  (G.  aigan). 


66  EXODUS. 

12.  Icoda  (l^odan,  to  spring  frojn),  lewd.  —  aldor  (ealdor).     Ex.  3; 
4 :  1-5. 

14.  folc-toga   (here-toga),  toga  (te'bn,  to  lead)  =  a  leader,  and  is 
chiefly  used  in  compounds. 

15.  anclsacan,  in  J.,  andsaca ;  and  as  a  prep,  is  intensive,  and  here 
has  tlie  force  of  contra.    Ex.  7  :  10. 

17.  magorfeswan,  a  kindred  chief  (magoraeswum,  B.  and  T.). — 
fcorli,  life,  soul,  man  (G.  fairhwus). 

18.  on%vist,  in  J.,  B.,  and  T.,  on-wist,  into  the  abundance. 

21.  mid  J>y>  thereby. 

22.  feoiida,  in  MS.  and  J.  repeated  (G.  fiands). 

23.  nicgde,  approached,  addressed.     Ex.   3 : 1-6.     Lye   makes   it 
poetic  for  linigan,  to  bow. 

26.  eorafan  (eardian),  (G.  airtha). 

27.  sigerice,  in  T.,  sige  rice.  —  sylfes.     M.  131,  366  (10). 
23.  yldo  (ylda),  (G.  aids),  Eng.  eld. 

31.  gewuraCodne,  M.  401  (a). 

33.  iu-gere  (geara,  geare),  of  yore.     M.  251  (1).  —  ingere  (MS.,  B., 
and  T.). 

34.  caldum  witum,  Thorpe  translates  as  if  wisum. 
36.  feledreamas  (B.  and  T.). 

38.  frecne,  boldly,  severely.     Ex.  12  :  29. 

39.  The  omission  of  the  colon  is  better.     If  not,  a  verb  may  be 
understood. 

40.  drysmyde  (^rysmede),  (]>rysm6de) ;  dryrmde  (B.,  T.,  and  MS.). 
(In  BcMJwulf,  drysma«,  1375.) 

41.  dugoS"  (dugan). 

42.  Ex.  12  :  30, 

44.  waeron,    understood    (laiSsiiS,    MS.).  —  grsetan    (gretan). — 
leode,  nom.  \)\. 

45.  freond,  MS.     Ex.  12  ;  36. 

46.  heofon,  lamentation.     In  T.,  lieaven. 

49.   s-wa,  may  have  a  rehitive  force,  icho,  G.  swa.  —  J>aes  :  the  read- 
ing, |>ait  (B.),  is  better.  —  inissera,  half-years,  seasons. 

51.  >vide-fer(li)iS',  larye-minded,  spacious,  perpetually. 

52.  metod,  the  measurer  (metan). 

55.   magoraiswa,  in  MS.  and  J.,  magoraiwa. 
57.   Grein  suggests  Icodgcard. 

59.    Ciuffinyrcc,  in  T.,  guS-inyrce,  hostile  frontier  (a'hnyrean). 
61.  jnOrheald   (nior  heald  (liebid),  T.);  the  mountain  held  their 
tents. 


NOTES.  67 

63,  (God)  then  commanded  (heht). — tirfsestne,  Tir  [iyr),  glory, 
power.     As  a  prefix  it  denotes  something  superlative. 

65-6.  The  passage  is  tliought  to  be  hopelessly  obscure.  — 
bearhtme,  sound,  tinnult  (clangor  of  music).  —  ael-fere,  ivith  all  the 
host  {dsl-faru,  ^el-fasr) ;  el-fsere  (Grein).     Ex.  12  :  37  ;  13  ;20. 

67.  mearclandum,  T. 

II. 

68.  genelSfdon,  genyddon  (T.,  B.), 

69.  SigelAvara,  of  the  Sunfolks,  Ethiopians. 

71.  hatuni  heofoncolum,  instrumental  after  brune. 

72.  fser,  sudden,  severe,  used  as  a  prefix. 

75.  \^^eder-wolcen,  heavy  (threatening)  cloud.     Ex.  13:21. 
77-8.   In  Thorpe,  quenched  was  the  Jiame-Jire  with  heat  (hate);  G. 
heito. 

78.  hseleaf  (as).     M.  74  (1  a). 

79.  dsegscealdes,  pillar  of  cloud.  In  Lye,  dsegsceades ;  G.  dags, 
skadus. 

81.  segle  (B.  and  T.,  swegle). 

87.   Some  lines  are  here  omitted  by  the  copyist.     Ex.  14  :  2. 

91.  cwom,  M.  200  (G.  kwiman). 

92.  Avicsteal,  a  camp,  place  of  rest;  wic  is  much  used  as  a  ter- 
mination. 

93.  foran  (foron),  (G.  gaggan). 

94.  twegen,  M.  141  (G.  twai),  Eng.  twain. 

95.  ^ghw^Q-er,  M.  135,  13G  (5  6). 

96.  Ex.  14  :  19. 

98.  mSdes  rSfan,  M.  313. 

99.  hebban,  M.  207  [d);  Eng.  heave,  heaven.  —  hludum  stef- 
nuni,  G.  hafjan. 

102.  folce,  appositive  with  him. 

104.  Uftweg;  in  MS.,  B.,  and  T.,  lifweg. 

105.  segl  siicTe ;  in  B.  and  T.,  swegl-si'Se. 

106.  Some  editors  suggest  fold. 

109-11.  March  reads,  "  Strange  after  sunset  (there)  took  care  over 
the  people  with  flame  to  shine  a  burning  pillar." 

113.   sceado,  M.  100  (a) ;  MS.  scealSo. 

114-15.  The  falling  night  shadows  might  not  near  hide  the  gloom. — 
beam  (barn). 

117-19.   By  reason  of  defects  in  the  original  text,  the  construction 


68  EXODUS. 

here  is  difficult:  him  .  .  .  ferhS",  their  soul.  —  6  ferclamme  (oferclam- 
jiiO)  getAVsefdc  (get\va3f),  icith  sudden  peril  distract. — Avestengryre(e) 
may  be  nom.  or  inst. 

121.  bt«?l-egsan,  M.,  B.,  and  T.,  Ixll. 

122.  hataii,  M.  302  (1).  — in  l>am  (B.  and  T.). 

123.  he  (lige). 

124.  hyr(le(n),  M.  179. 

131.  betaii  (bcton,  B.  and  T.). 

132.  sefter  bcorgum,  over  the  hill  slopes. 
134.  }>am  (>an).     Ex.  14  :  2. 

ni. 

136.  oht  inlende,  domestic  fear.     Ex.  14  :  10. 

137.  wraecinon,  the  fugitive  (Israel). 

138.  YeLstweskV^f  successor,  persecutor  (Pharaoh). 

139.  oht-nied,  persecution  (on  nied,  B.  and  '^\).  ' 

140.  wean,  may  be  taken  as  appositive  with  oht-nied. 

141.  There  are  omissions  here  in  MS.  — ge[ti3'ode],  granted. 

142.  he,  omitted  ni  B.  and  T. 

143.  miceles,  M.  251  (1) ;  (G.  mikils). 

145.  ymb  andwig  (antwig),  about  a  rod  (Aaron's),  (an-wig).  Ex. 
7:10. 

148.  heaiafo  wylmas,  battle  waves,  bitter  feuds.  This  prefix  is  inten- 
sive, and  is  similar  to  gu'5,  beade,  hild.  It  denotes  war,  —  heortan 
getenge,  heavy  at  heart. 

149.  manum  tre'b'wuni,  icith  false  faith. 
151.   Thorpe  makes  he  collective  (hie,  Grein). 

154.  him  refers  to  the  warriors. — eorla,  ortryAve,  M.  254  (1). 

156.  ongangan,  participial  use  of  the  infinitive.  In  B.  and  T., 
Faraonis.     Ex.  14  :  10. 

1.58.  In  T.  and  B.  this  line  is  placed  after  IGO.  The  order  of  the 
text  ill  Groin  is  iK'tter. 

161.  lire'bpoii  (hwrdbpon,  T.). 

162.  |hra;fen  gOI],  omitted  in  B.  and  T.     In  B.  (gu'Ses  gifre). 

164.  ■wtJKlceasega,  the  raven. 

165.  aefcnlcoar. 

166-7.  The  slaughter  renowned  ones  awaited  (beodan  =  bidon)  on  the 
track  of  the  foe,  the  destruction  (fyl)  of  the  host.  In  B.  and  T.,  f  ul ;  G. 
beidan.     Thori)e's  rendering  of  this  i)assage  is  all  wrong. 

169.  gena5gcd,  subdued  (gehaeged,  B.  and  T.). 


NOTES.  69 

171.  measured  the  mile  paths  with  the  legs  of  (the)  horses,  advanced. 

172.  sigecyning  (segncyning),  king  of  Egypt. 
176.  wselhlencaii  sceoc  (hwsel,  T.). 

178.  febnd  oiisegon  (frebnd  onsigon  (onsawon),  B.  and  T.). 

179.  eaguiii  (eagan). 

181.  heorowulfas  (here,  B.;  heora,  T.). 

184.   J»usendo,  M.  141 ;  G.  ]?usendi. — tir-eadigra  (tirea-digra,  B.). 

186.  on  ]78et  eade  riht,  "chosen  (alesen)  to  that  rich  inheritance" 
(Grein).  "To  that  important  duty"  (Carpenter).  The  reading  of 
Thorpe,  on  \>sim.  eor^-rice,  is  needless. 

190.  ingemen,  in  common.     Grein  and  others  suggest  -ing  (geong). 

191.  cugfost,  cu«  eft  gebad  (B.) ;  cuS  oft  gebad  (T.). 

192.  to  hwses  haegstealdmen,  to  the  leaders  of  which  (heapes). 

193.  baeron,  offered  themselves. 

194.  eorp  werod,  the  Egyptians.  —  ^can  Iseddon  (se  anlseddon, 
B.  and  T.). 

204.   It  is  not  essential  that  werud  should  refer  to  Israel. 
206.  gelaffe,  the  hostile.    In  T.  and  B.,  gelade,  the  icay. 


IV.  * 

209.  on  healfa  gehwam,  on  either  side.  —  hettend  (as),  M.  74 
(Ifl). 

213.  wean,  nom.  pi.  of  the  adj. 

215.  niaran  maegenes,  gen.  after  bad. 

216.  uhttid,  before  dawn  (3  to  6  a.m.). 
219.  cigean,  depends  on  bebead. 
222.  byman  (benum,  T.). 

224.  te'bnhete,  dire  hate. 

225.  on  ]>ani  forS'herge,  in  the  van. 

226.  r6fa  [rofra]. 

227.  aeafeles  («5elan,  B.  and  T.). 

233.  wace  (wac,  B.  and  T.),  object  of  gretton. 
237.   feond(a). 

239.  linde  laerig,  shield  rim.     (The   linden   shields,   T.) — swor 
(spor),  (sweor). 

242.  gif  (git).  —  mOdheapum  (haepum),  the  ivise. 

243.  be  waestmum,  according  to  strength.  —  wig  (wigan). 
245-6.  l>an  (Jjget)   gegan  niihte,  omitted  in  B.  and  T. — feng, 

may  be  taken  as  an  ace,  handling. 


0  EXODUS. 

248.  fus  for(ir-\vegas(os),  ready  for  departure.     M.  315. 

249.  bidou  (bufon,  B.;  buton,  T.). 

250.  siS'boda,  pillar  ofjire. 


253.  beot-hiita  (beo-hata),  surcti/,  leader. 
255.   mOdiges,  chief. 
259.   Ex.  14  :  13. 

265.  aegnian,  eglian. 

266.  ne  willaS"  ondraedan,  dread  not  (M.  440). 
272.   sigora  gesynto,y/'»/75  of  triumph. 

2.11.  leod  (Jjeodlcn)). 
279.   leofost,  voc.     G.  lubo. 

281.  taue  (tacne,  B.  and  T).     Ex.  14  .  21,  27 ;  14  :  16. 

282.  Ofstum,  M.  251  (1). 

283.  Some  texts  omit  and.     Ex.  14  :  29.     Grein  retains  it  in  the 
sense  of  a  preposition,  for  a  wall, 

287..  famige  (fage,  B.  and  T.). 

ji289-90.   saelde   (sealte).  —  suQ'wind,  appos.  with  bleest.  —  brim 
(bring,  T.). 

291.   saecir,  the  ehh.  —  span  (spav).  —  solSfgere,  very  icell. 

293.  8Br  glade,  ere  sunset ;  glade,  adv.,  friendly.  —  eorlas,  voc. 

294.  weorS'en,  escape.     G.  wairj^an. 
298.   Avraetlicu  (wrasclicu). 

304.  andaegne  fyrsf,  M.  295  (a). 

305.  S'ffa  weall,  omitted  in  B.  and  T. 

307.  hige  (MS.,  hi),  (B.,  hie). 

308.  laeste  near,  nearer  its  close.     The  text  is  here  defective. 

309.  sanges  (sances,  B.  and  T.) ;  G.  saggws.     Ex.  14  ;  22. 
313.    orettc  (onette).  — iinculiy  gelad,  M.  295  (a). 

321.  Icon  (leor). 

322.  After  maest  tlie  verb  is  supplied. 

323.  hS-nafo,  M.  100  {a). 

324.  bo  him  lifigcndiim,  ichile  living.     M.  334. 

.'^26.   J>coda  aenigro,  a;/(iinst  any  nation.  —  J>racu  (hraca,  T.), 
328.  Avaepiia,  gen.  after  modige.     G.  Avei)na.     There  is  seen  here 
a  succession  of  nominatives. 

3.31.   mOdgadc  (ode),  moved  proudly. 

33.3.   sfcwicingc  (saewicingas,  B.  and  T.);  G.  saiws. 

335.  he,  Reuben. 


NOTES.  Tl 

339.  ead  and  aeiafelo,  wealth  and  rank.  —  earu  (ge-earu,  gearu). 

340.  ford",  omitted  by  some. 

343.  guS'cyst  (girScyste). 

344.  daeg-\voina,  cloud. 

345.  begong  (gin,  B.),  omitted  in  T. 
350.  for,  omitted  (B.  and  T.),  folcum. 

353.  The  interpolated  poem   begins  here,     faeder,   M.    100    (/), 
(fadar,  G.). 

354.  landriht  ge]?ah,  parenthetical. 
357.  After  sum  the  verb  is  understood. 

359.  orlgraiicuin,  the  prefix  or  is  used  both  privatively  and  inten- 
sively. 

361.  faelJeraeiyelo  gehwses,  the  ancestry  of  each. 


VI. 

362.  niwe  (ni^e). 

363.  ]?rim,  M.  141 ;  G.  l>reis. 

364.  dren-floda  (T.). 

365.  >e,  M.  380. 

368.   mine  gefraege,  as  I  have  heard.     So  in  Bdbwulf . 

370.  ece  lafe  (B.  and  T.).  ^ 

374.  saelida  }>on(ne). 

380.  se,  M.  368  [h).     Se  him,  M.  381  (2). 

385.   Some  prefer  stigan. 

392.   alh  (G.  alhs),  alhn  (J.). 

394.   gefraegost,  most  famed. 

399.  A  line  thrown  in.     Supposed  that  Cain  is  referred  to. 

401.  beorn,  used  chiefly  in  poetry. 

405.  to  lafe  (T.)  is  not  admissible. 

410.  ]>onne,  >onne. 

411.  eaferan  (B.  and  T.). 

412.  reodan  applies  to  ecgum  rather  than  to  Isaac.    • 

413.  god  (B.  and  T.). 
422.   SCO,  which. 

424.   aldre  (B.  and  T.). 

431.   ne  (T.). 

433.  -weard,  omitted  in  B.  and  T. 

436.   yldo  (B.  and  T.),  G.  aiws. 

438.  >ges,  M.  252  (II). 


^  li  EXODUS. 

443.   in-goj>eode  (inca  heode). 

445.  A  blank  is  found  here  in  MS.  This  entire  section  constitutes 
an  intorpohitcd  poem  going  over  the  Bible  history  from  Noah  to  Isaac. 
It  would  find  a  fitting  place  in  Genesis. 

VII. 

History  of  Israel  is  here  resumed. 

453.  hereblcaare,  the  panic-stricken,  bli«e  (T.).    Ex.  14  :  25,  27,  28. 

454.  gehnap  (genap). 
458.   inOdgodc,  raged. 

466.   sacs  aet  endc  (B.  and  T.). 

469.   La'c  reads  nere  {refuge).  — forUganges  nef,  the  tide's  neap  (T.). 

470-5.  See  Thorpe's  Cajdmon,  p.  207.— barenoden  (B.  and  T.).— 
on,  omitted  (B.  and  T.). — waljenia,  stream,  wave  stream.  —  gewuna 
may  be  taken  as  an  adj.  agreeing  with  sac.  —  fah  fe3'e-gast,  hostile 
visitor,  {foot-guest). — fah  Avaes  se  gaest  (B.),  (ge-(h)ne'bp).  See  Car- 
penter's Grammar,  p.  169. 

479.  mOdge  (mod).     G.  muns. 

487.  helpendra(n), 

488.  he,  the  stj-eam. 

490.  on  sleap  (steap,  T.). 

491.  Avitrod  (witod). 

498.  on  bogum  (B.  and  T.). 

499.  mode  waega  (B.  and  T.). 

501.  onfebnd. 

502.  gmnd,  omitted  in  B.  and  T. 

503.  ]>8et  wa;s  (B.  and  T.). 

504.  hilde  geseelidan,  decide  the  battle;  huru  (B.  and  T.). 

513.  spilde,  omitted  in  B.  and  T. 

514.  ageat,  destroyed.  —  }>e,  for  hie  (T.).  Exclamatory,  They 
against  God  warred ! 

VIII. 

518.  da*gweore  nemua9'(eld'),  they  call  it  (the  decalogue)  the  dag 
guide  (of  life). 

524.  gin  fa«ston  (T). 

525.  run  ((i.  runa),  runian,  to  whisper.  —  geregcnod  (B.). 

528.  Words  omitted:  That  we  seem  not  (forgetful). 

529.  metOdcs  (B.  and  T.). 


NOTES.  73 

531.  lyf(t)  (lyst,  B.). 

534.  Iicaklea"  (B.  and  T.). 

538.  regn,  an  nitensiA'c  prefix,  regn-heard. 

545.  is,  omitted  (B,  and  T.). 

555.  ufon  (B.  and  T.). 

569.  gefeon  (B.  and  T.). 

570.  hit  (hie). 

573.   herge,  omitted  (T.).— >am  Mldfriimun  (B.). 
576.   wifon  offruni,  the  icomen  in  turn.     Ex.  15. 

585.  madmas  (B.  and  T.). 

586.  sceo(d)  (B.  and  T.). 

589.  driht  folca,  emphatic  prefix.  —  maest  (MS.  mae),  (G. 
maist(s)). 

Of  the  forty  chapters  of  Exodus  given  by  Moses,  Caadmon  paraphrases 
"but  a  few,  and  even  here  the  poet  follows  the  sacred  narrative  much 
less  closely  than  in  Daniel.  As  far  as  the  authoritative  text  is  con- 
cerned, the  first  fifteen  chapters  of  the  history  may  be  said  to  be  the 
only  ones  referred  to  by  the  author.  He  dismisses  the  subject  as  the 
people  stand  upon  the  farther  shore  of  the  Red  Sea  with  the  promised 
land  before  them.  It  is  also  noticeable  that  incidents  and  facts  are 
introduced  which  are  not  found  in  the  Biblical  record,  such  as  the 
precise  order  of  march  through  the  Red  Sea,  the  special  valor  of  the 
warlike  bands  selected  to  oppose  Pharaoh,  and  many  minute  statements 
as  to  the  pillar  of  cloud  and  of  fire.  The  most  important  references  by 
the  poet  to  the  text  of  Exodus  have  been  given  in  the  course  of  the 
Notes. 


S^OTES   TO 


1.  Hebrebs,  M.  101,  —  eadge,  adverbial  in  force. 

2.  daslan,  clKljan  (G.) 

3.  gecynde,  natural,  agreeable. 

5.  wig,  martial  force.  — manieo,  same  as  menigeo,  menigu. 

7.  mGdig  cyn,  a  haughtt/  race. 

8.  rsedan,  rule,  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  strong  verb  raedan, 
to  counsel. 

9.  burgum,  beorgan,  to  j)rotect. 

10.  him,  God.— faeder,  gen.  pi.     M.  87. 

14.  mod,  courage. 

15.  feore,  M.  301  (a) ;  idiomatic  usage. 

16.  helmiim,  chieftains. 

19.   an  forleton  (T.).  —  secraeftas,  legal  statutes. 

22.  )?ege  drilit  (MS.  and  J.).  — hweorfan  (T.  and  B.) ;  M.  204  [b). 

24.  weorc,  grief 

25.  lare,  ace.  pi.,  appos.  with  gastas.    This  is  preferable  to  Thorpe's 
rendering  in  the  dative. 

28.  so9',  truhj.     G.  sunja. 

29.  me  (MS.  and  J.), /or. —Me,  ly tie  hwile,  ace.  of  time.     M. 
295  (a). 

34.  J>eodne(T.).— >amJ>e(T.). 

35.  wisafe,  MS. ;  wisode,  B. 

37.  dugoafa  dyrust  (MS.,  B.,  and  T.). 

38.  Iierepoaf  (MS.),  object  of  wisde. 

41.  to  ]?8es  (ceastre). 

42.  ceastre,  M.  90.     The  text  is  more  or  less  defective  from  35  to 
42. 

44.  to  )>am  (weorcum). 

45.  man  bealwes  georn,  zealous  of  evil. 

46.  Mva^lniiS,  fatal  hate. 

52.  suiafan  and  noriafan,  M.  252  {b). 


76  DANIEL. 

53.  het,  may  be  in  place  after  faran, 

55.  Thorpe  makes  offelweardas  appos.  with  ha^encyningas. 

50.  liifan  =  lufon,  from  lebfan. 

57.  >a  Ciic  (MS.,  T.,  and  B.). 

G4.  to  friUe,  in  peace. 

(36.  fea  (MS.,  T.,  and  B.).  —  freos  (freogas),  (frigas),  treasure  and 
captives. 

73.  otor  (MS.  and  T.),  iiton  (B.). 

74.  w^tepna  lafe,  the  survivors. 
77.  leode  (MS.  and  B.). 

82.  This  line  probably  refers  to  lafe  (1.  80). 
88.  Thorpe  suggests  frean.    So  (B.). 
90.  in  gGd  saede  (T.),  of  good  race. 
98.   }>aiii  ^vlallcan  (cyninge).  , 
97.  cyafdon  (MS.  and  T.). 

101.  Thorpe  translates,  "  What  the  princes  before  did."     The  line 
is  obscure.    The  sense  is  complete  without  it. 

II. 

110.   com  h-wiirfan,  ca7ne  passi7ig. 
112.   OS"  edsceafte,  until  reneical. 

118.  Avoma  (MS.  and  T.). 

119.  nietod  =  msetod,  dreamed.     May  also  be  p.p.  of  metian,  ap- 
pointed (in  his  dream). 

122.  hiiie  gem^tte,  M.  200  {a). 

123.  rcord  berend  :  Grein  prefers  this  in  nom,  pi. 
131.   >c  swefnede,  M.  290,  299. 

133.  his,  connected  with  or. 
137.  niocTgc)?ances,  M.  321. 
139.   aldorlcge,  lift's  destini/.  — setter  (MS.  and  T.) ;  G.  aftra. 

141.  no  gc,  MS. 

142.  bcreff,  used  as  bera'5. 

148.   stedon,  in  tlie  sense  of  sajden. 
160.  wS^rda  (T.  and  B.). 


III. 


169.   he,  the  heathen  king. 

171.  J>am,  dative  of  attraction. 

172.  J><''<>d(',  proriiifc. 

173.  burh  wcardas  (B.). 


NOTES.  77 

176.  for^am  }>e  (T). 

177.  The  text  is  here  defective. 

179.   There  are  two  terminal  forms :  ware-a,  pi.  m.;  warv-e,  f.  sing. 
189.  )>a  }>e  (T.),  M.  380,  381. 

191.  raerdon  (B.  and  T.),  (raerden). 

192.  on  herige  (MS.  and  T.) ;  G.  harjis. 

193.  alSTeluni,  in  nature. 

196.  cynegOde,  gentle,  noble.  —  ciiff  gedydon,  made  known. 

197.  gyld  (B.). — him  is  not  essential  to  the  reading.      It  may 
refer  to  the  youths  or  to  the  king. 

200.  to  bebte,  moreover.     Eng.,  to  boot. 
202.   gebaedan  (T.),  ;^ersMrtf/e. 

205.  waeron  (T.  and  B.).  —  hie,  appos.  with  haeftas. 

206.  he'aran  (MS.,  B.,  and  T.),  proud  captives. — heran,  to  honor 
(the  idol). 

207.  hegan  (MS.);  hergan  =  heran.     In  lines  205-7  the  text  as  it 
reads  is  best. 

214.  woldon  (T.  and  B.),  (wolden). 

216.  gylde  (B.). 

219.  gelaeston  (T.),  gelaesten  (B.). 

221.  ne  }>an  maegen  hAvyrfe,  T.  (high  course).     Grein  refers  this 
to  the  captive  Jews.     Hwyrfe  is  then  viewed  as  a  verb. 

222.  wilnedan  (wilneden). 

227.  waes  gelaeded  (T.  and  B.).  — he,  the  oven. 

232.  genge  (T.  and  B.). 

233.  J>eah  )>e  [he],  the  king.  —  se  =  sel^e,  he  who. 

234.  fyr-liges  (T.). 

236.  haliga  (T.). — se,  understood. 

240.  Words  in  brackets  omitted  by  T.  and  B. 

243.  ungescead,  used  adverbially. 

244.  hine  after  innan. 

247.   onstealle,  MS.;  onstellan,  B. ;  onsteallan,  T.     Grein  admits 
that  his  rendering  is  here  objectionable. 

_  255.  on  teso,  Thorpe  translates,  "  on  the  right."     Grein  renders, 
"destruction." 

263.  gange  (T.  and  B,).     Grein   makes   it  in  the   gen.  pi.  after 
alaiten. 

266.  ac  J>aet  fyr  fy^rscyde  (MS.  and  J.);  fyrsian,  to  remove  (Die- 
trich). 

267.  haigan  (B.).  — hweorfon  =  hwurfon.  —  cnihton  =  cnihtum. 

268.  >a  }>e  (B.).  — geftegon  (T.  and  I^.). 


78  DANIEL. 

274.    {vliuihtigos  (Godos  or  Drilitnos). 

277.   (leaAvdropaii,  B. ;  deiiwdripas,  T. 

282.   dirduin.  Codex  Ex. 

289.   An  interpolated  line,  T.     Not  in  Ex.  MS. 

294.   Jji'di-nycliiin  (T.  and  B.). — ]>carfuin.  Codex  Ex. 

296.  belegde  (T.). 

297.  dydoii,  Codex  Ex. 

299.  burhsittendum  (MS.  and  J.). 

300.  had,  condition. 

304.  gefrtrge,  nofun'ons,  infamous. 

305.  nil  }>u  usic  bcAvrsec,  Codex  Ex. ;  ha  us  ec,  T. 

306.  aeht-gewealde  (B.),  Codex  Ex.  This  would  be  in  apposition 
with  usic,  and  he  rendered,  a  possession. 

311.  hrugaij  (B.  and  T.),  incline.  Thorpe  favors  this  rendering. 
Grein  reads  hIi(y)ga'S,  call  upon,  invite. 

321.  had  (B.),  appos.  with  manigeo.  Grein  interprets  in  tlie  sense 
of  promise  (gehat).  —  hebbanne  =  haehbanne,  to  reckon. 

323.  SAva  waroiJe  sond,  Codex  Ex.  —  ]>ass  stefaroafa  sand,  the 
sand  ofiL'hose  waves. 

324.  ySPe  geond  car  grnnd,  Codex  Ex. ;  eargrynde,  B.  —  his,  of 
them,  God's  people.  —  unrinia,  T. 

328.   >ait  >a  (T.). 
343.  leoma(n)  (B.).— liges(B.). 
350.   cyst,  honntij. 

364.  -w^oruld  sceafta  wuldor.  Codex  Ex. 
366.   rihtne  (T.). 

370.  sunne  and  niouan.  Codex  Ex.  —  sundor  anra  gehAvilc, 
each  one,  separately. 

372.  doniige  =  domigen. 

373.  lofigcn. 

'  379.   folcen  faru  (T.). 

380.  lofigcn. 

381.  blestige  =  bletsigen. 

393.   J>inne  (hyra),  T.  —  in  hade,  in  (their)  degree. 
399.   doinigc  =  domigen.    Tliis  use  of  the  sing.  subj.  for  the  plural 
is  frequent  in  ])aniel. 
404.   wurS-aiar  (B.). 
407.    gcwura-aiy  (MS.  and  J.).  —  fcrhiaf(c)  (B.  and  T.). 

409.  Defective  text,  T. 

410.  ealde  (B.  and  T.),  ancient  nation.     Grein's  text  is  better. 
413.   JxTode  mine,  mtj  lords.  —  syndon  (T.). 


NOTES.  .  79 

416.  selfa  (B.  and  T.). 

417.  Jdwad  =  cwae'S.     G.  kwij?aii. 
422.  gaedelinge,  B.  — uni,  T. 

429.  nis  hit  (B). 

430.  leng,  M.  124. 

435.  benne  (T.).  —  him,  dative  of  possession  after  banum. 

436.  laffsearo,  appos.  with  bendas. 

446.  stepton  (B.  and  T.).  —  hine  (T.). 

447.  he,  the  king. 
451.  se  (B.  andT.). 

454.  nahte    (nagan),    hnahte     allowed.       Dietrich    reads     rahte 
(reccan). — haefdon  =  haefden. 

467.  Msn^  J»8es  egesan  gryre,  against  the  fear  of  terror. 

468.  gej>iiiges  wyrcaii,  to  form  an  assemhhj. 
476.  MvW  understood. 

479.  his  spel  beraiS',  his  words  observe. 

480.  monig  (B.  and  T.). 

497.  him  ]>£et  neh  gcvveard",  that  came  near  to  him  (greatly  moved 
him). 

IV. 

500.  him  (T.),  after  gelic. 

506.  heolde,  a  lair. 

508.  namon  (T.),  namen.     G.  niman. 

518.  wille  (T.). 

521.  in  susl  dOn,  to  cast  into  torment. 

523.  maege,  may  prevail. 

535.  wesan,  supplied  after  Avisse. 

538.  mihte  (B.),  mihtum  (T.). 

542.  hine,  Daniel. 

546.  hwaet,  supplied  after  and. 

554.  heanne  (B.  and  T.). 

562.  and  ymb  (T.).  —  ssede,  instrumental  after  onfon. 

563.  biS"  (B.).     Grein  makes  liS  =  lige'5. 

568.  In  this  and  the  two  following  lines  the  present  tense  of  the 
verb  has  the  force  of  the  future. 

571.  gemyndgast,  MS. 

575.  msel-mete  (T.). 

582.  wsere  (T.). 

.^88.  }>inga,  pray. 


80  DANIEL. 

591.  [%vcaii  and],  inserted  by  Grein,  —  wyrcan,  ^o  ac<  (with  im- 
punity). 

59(5.  reccan  (B.  and  T.). 

600.  weold  (li.  and  T.) ;  G.  waldan. 

603.   helih  [burh]  (B.  and  T.). 

607.   rice,  in  appos.  with  sundorgife. 

609.   ear9"  (MS.  and  T.). 

616.  wofS  =  wa^'  (B.  and  T.),  a  way,  wandering.  Grein  supplies  he 
(the  I'lnfj)  after  swa. 

618.  berehte  (T.). 

623.   loeode  (T.). 

628.   >aer  >e  (B.). 

633.  ge)>afian  (B.),  ge}>olian  (T.). 

658.  Gfstlice  (B.).     Grein  reads,  god-spellode  (godspellian). 

661.  lare,  inst.  used  adverbially,  wisely. 


675.   Isegf  perished. 

682.  ym  (MS.  and  J.).  — litel  faec,  M.  295. 

684.   ]?a,  Medes  and  Persians. 

695.  freasaede  (T.). 

701.   sidestan  =  si'Sestan. 

710.  hleoiafor  cwyde  {T.),  prophecy. 

711.  beorhte. 
718.  )>«t  (T.). 

740.  bu^hge^veardas  (B.  and  T.). 

741.  arehte,  M.  189  (c). 
743.   gleaw  ge>ances,  M.  313. 
748.  bcre  (B.  and  T.). 

756.  he  (T.).     Tliis  change  seems  to  be  essential. 
759.   ofer  sin  ina^gen,  among  his  army. 
765.   sc  (J>c). 

Caidmon's  Daniel  is  such  a  faitliful  paraphrase  of  the  first  five 
chapters  of  tliat  book  that  special  scriptural  references  need  not  be 
given  as  in  Exodus. 


REFERENCES. 


Much  valuable  information  as  to  CEedmon  and  his  Paraphrase  is 
given  in  Bede's  Ecclesiastical  Histoi-y  (c.  4) ;  AYright's  Biographia 
Brittanica  Literaria ;  in  Kemble  {Bibliotheca  Anglo-Saxonica,  1837);  in 
Dietrich  [Haupt's  Zeitschrifi,  Bd.  10);  and  in  Greverus.  Additional  aid 
may  be  found  in  Ten  Brink's  History  of  Early  English  Literature ;  in  such 
histories  as  Turner's,  Morley's,  Craik's,  and  Warton's.  The  student 
may  also  be  referred  to  modern  German  periodicals  for  valuable 
articles  on  points  in  question.  The  two  most  important  of  these  are 
Die  Englische  Studien  and  Anglia.  In  this  latter  one,  especially,  useful 
papers  may  be  found  by  Ebert,  Wiilcker,  and  others,  on  Exodus  and 
on  the  Caedmon  —  Milton  question.  Such  authors  as  Balg,  Sandras, 
Bosanquet,  Disraeli,  Stein,  and  Watson  may  also  be  consulted.  A  full 
bibliography  of  Caedmon  will  be  given  by  the  editor  of  Genesis. 


GLOSSARY. 


GLOSSARY. 


The  gen.  Bing.  and  the  gender  of  each  noun  are  given,  as  also  the  three  main  parts 
of  each  verb.  For  the  convenience  of  students  using  March's  Grammar  the  different 
declensions  and  conjugations  are  indicated  by  the  appropriate  figures  1,  2,  etc.  Any 
accidental  omissions  of  words  may  be  supplied  by  a  reference  to  Bosworth  or 
Greiu.  M.  and  G.  are  to  be  interpreted  as  in  Notes.  Any  other  contractions  or 
references  -will  be  easily  understood  by  the  student.  As  stated  in  the  Preface,  our 
object  has  been  to  make  the  Glossary  as  brief  as  is  consistent  with  clearness. 


A  (JE). 

a,  adv.,  eve?;  aye. 

aba(o)nnan,  ben,  ba(o)nnen  (5), 

to  order,  summon,  proclaim. 
abeodan,  bead,  boden  (3),  to  hid, 

announce,  command. 
Abraham,  es,  m.,  Abraham. 
abrecan,    braec,    brecen    (1),   to 

break,  destroy. 
abre(g)dan,  br8e(g)d,  bro(g)deii 

(1),  to  remove,  xvitlidraiv. 
abre'btan,  bre'at,  broten  (3),  to 

bruise,  destroy. 
ac,  conj.,  but.     G.  ak. 
aceorfan,    cearf,  corfen    (1),   to 

cut  off,  separate. 
acl,  adj.,  clear,  resounding . 
acol,  adj.,  timid,  affrighted. 
acweiaCan,  CAvaeiaP,  eweden  {\),to 

say,  declare,  answer.     G.  kwij^an. 
adfyr,  es,  1,  n.,  a  pile-Jire,  fire  of 

sacrifice. 
adrencan,  te,  ed  (6),  to  submerge, 

drotcn. 
adrincan,   dranc,   druncen    (1), 

to    quench,    to    be    drowned.      G. 

driggkan. 
Adzarias,  as,  m.,  Azarias. 
a!S,  es,  1,  m.,  an  oath.     G.  aiHs- 


ai^fswar,  es,  1,  m.,  an  oath  sicearing, 

an  oath. 
S.e,  ae,  f.  (irreg.),  a  law  (pi.,  rites). 

M.  100. 
aecrgeft,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  legal  statute, 

law  craft. 
gels' ele,  adj.,  noble,  excellent. 
aei^ele,  es,  1,  m.,  a  noble. 
aeSfeling,  es,  1,  m.,  a  prince,  chief. 
aeSfelo,  indec,  nobility,  rank. 
8ef(a)est,  adj.,  devout,  religious. 
(a)efeii,  es,  1,  ra.,  even,  evening. 
8efeiile'bd(9'),  es,  1,  n.,  an  evening 

song. 
aeflast,  es,  1,  m.,  a  straying,  wander- 
ing. 
aefre  (eefer),  adv.,  ever,  always.    G. 

aiw. 
(a)efter,  prep.,  afier,  according  to. 
aeghwa,  es,  adj.  pro.,  ichoever,  each 

one. 
aeghwseiarer,    es,    adj.   pro.,    each, 

both. 
8egh%vilc,  es,  adj.  pro.,  every  one, 

each  one,  every. 
aegnian,  6de,  od  (6),  to  own,  hold. 
aeht,  e,  2,  f .,  property,  possessions. 
selbeorht,    adj.,    all    bright,    very 

bright. 
8eled(t),  es,  1,  m.,fire. 


86 


GLOSSARY. 


aelfere  (farii),  c,  2,  f.,  an  entire 
ormij,  a  host. 

a(c)liuihtig,  adj.,  almightfj.  G. 
all-m.ahtcigs, 

acliiiy(c)sse,  an,  4,  f.,  alms,  alms- 
giving. 

aer,  adv.,  ere,  earlier  (acror,  acrcst). 

ajrdajg,  cs,  1,  m.,  early  day,  dawn. 

aer-dca'J,  cs,  1,  in.,  premature  death, 
early  death. 

aeren,  adj.,  brazen  (asr). 

a;rend,  c,  2,  f.,  an  errand,  a  mes- 
sage.    G.  airus. 

serendbOc,  e,  2,  f.,  a  message, 
letter. 

aet,  prep.,  at,  near,  by. 

vet,  es,  1,  m.,  meat,  food.     G.  mats. 

aetberan,  baer,  bc(o)ron  (1),  to 
bear  out,  shoic,  produce. 

aetgaedere,  adv.,  together. 

iEthan,  cs,  Etham.     ]\I.  101. 

setniman,  nam,  numcn  (1),  to  de- 
prive, take  from. 

aetywan,  dc,  cd  (0),  to  shoic,  reveal 
(ywian,  ode,  od). 

afaeran,  dc,  cd  (0),  to  frighten, 
terrify. 

afaestinan.  Ode,  od  (0),  to  fasten, 
strengthen. 

ilfaran,  for,  farcn  (-4),  to  depart, 
go  out  of 

afcallan,  fcol,  feallcii  (5),  to  fall, 
fall  doivn. 

afora,  an,  4,  ni.,  a  son,  descendant 
(t-afora). 

Afrisc,  adj.,  African. 

agan,  lilito  (0),  (irrcj?.),  to  oivn, 
])()ssess.     G.  aigan.     M.  212. 

agangan,  g(0)ong,  gangen  (5),  to 
hajipen,  occur.      M.  208  (A). 

agon,  adj.,  own. 

{Igcnd,  es,  1,  m.,  ati  owner,  master, 
lord. 

Agc'btan,  geat,  goten  {•)),  to  jioitr 
Old,  destroy. 


agifan,  geaf  (gaef),  gifen  (1),  to 

restore,  deliver.     M.  140. 
ftgitan,  gcat,  giten  (1),  to  know, 

perceii'e,  understand. 
aglilc,  cs,  1,  n.,  grief,  torment. 
ilhcbban,  hOf,  hafen  (4),  to  raise, 

exalt.     G.  hafjan. 
alii(y)cgan,    hog(6)de   (liygde), 

hogod    (G),    to    search,    explore, 

think  out. 
Mileapan,  hle'bp,  hleapcn  (5),  to 

leap  up,  out,  to  leap. 
ahAvcorfan,    hwcarf,     hworfen 

(1),  to  turn  aside,  to  turn. 
ahydan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  hide,  conceal. 
alaedan,    de,  ed   (6),  to  lead  out, 

withdra7v. 
al(a)etan,  let,  laeten  (5),  to  allow, 

release. 
aid  (eald),  adj.,  old.     G.  alj^eis. 
aldor,  es,  1,  m.,  an  elder,  prince. 
aldor,  e,  2,  f.,  life. 
aldorddni,  es,  1,  m.,  seat  of  power, 

sovereignty. 
aldorfrea,  an,  4,  ra.,  a  high  lord, 

chief 
aldorleg(e),  es,  1,  m.,  life's  future, 

fate,  death. 
alesan,  laes,  lesen   (1),  to  choose, 

gather. 
alh,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  palace,  shrine,  tern- 
pie. 
alhstede,   es,  1,  m.,   a  hall-stead, 

palace. 
all,  sec  call.     G.  alls. 
alwalda,  an,  4,  m.,  a  ruler  over  all, 

God. 
lilwiht,  c,  2,  f.,  every  creature,  all 

people. 
alyfan,  dc,  ed  (0),  to  allow,  suffer. 
sllysan,  dc,  ed  (G),  to  free,  release. 
A.n,  mini,  adj.,  one,  alone,  only.     G. 

aiiis. 
anbid,  es,  1,  n.,  a  delay,  expectation. 
and,  conj.,  and. 


GLOSSARY. 


87 


anda,  an,  4,  m.,  hate,  envy. 

an-daege,  adj.,  a  space  of  one  day, 
daily. 

andsaca,  an,  4,  m.,  a  denier,  op- 
poser. 

andsn'arian,  ode,  od  (G),  to 
ansicer,  reply. 

andwig,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  battle,  repulse. 

anga,  adj.,  sole,  own. 

an-getrum,  cs,  1,  n.,  one  host,  a 
great  number,  an  array. 

angi(y)n,  es,  1,  n.,  a  beginning,  at- 
temjA. 

S.nhydig,  ad].,  resolute,  single-mind- 
ed, obstinate. 

anlaedan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  lead  on. 

anniedla,  an,  4,  m.,  pride,  pre- 
sumption. 

aninOd,  adj.,  unanimous,  wilful,  one. 

anpaicT,  es,  1,  m.,  one  path,  a  narrow 
path. 

anwadan,  wGd,  waden  (4),  to 
enter,  invade. 

an"wloh,  adj.,  unadorned,  icaste. 

ar,  e,  2,  f.,  glory,  honor,  ivealth. 

ar,  es,  1,  m.,  a  legate,  messenger. 

araedan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  read,  inter- 
pret. 

araeman,  de,  ed  (6),  to  raise,  lift 
up ;  also,  reflexive. 

arseran,  de,  ed  (6),  to  rear,  extol, 
raise  aloft. 

arcraeftig,  adj.,  reverend,  honorable. 

are'afian,  ode,  od  {Q>),to  tear  away, 
icithdraw,  divide. 

aree(c)an,  e(a)lite,  e(a)lit  (G),  to 
declare,  explain. 

S.risan,  ras,  risen  (2),  to  arise.  G. 
urreisan. 

S>saelan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  tie,  bind. 

S,sceppan,  see'bp,  sc(e)apen  (5), 
to  give,  appoint. 

^.secgan,  saegde  (saede),  saegd 
(saed)  (G),  to  tell,  explain,  declare. 
M.  209. 


S.settan,  to  (G),  to  set  down,  place, 

fix.     G.  ga  sat  Jan. 
S,stigan,  stall,  stigen  (2),  ^o  ascend, 

arise. 
asTN^ebban,  cfedc,  efed  (G),  to  blot 

out,  destroy. 
atebn,  telih,  togen   (3),   to  draw 

up,  move  away. 
atol,  adj.,  dire,  foul. 
aj?enc(e)an,  )?ohte,  J>oht  (G),  to 

discover,  devise. 
awa,  adv.,  ever,  alivay. 
awacan,    w^oc,    wacen    (4),    to 

awake,  arise,  spring  forth. 
awaeian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  fail,  de- 
cline, weaken. 
awecean,   elite,   eht    (G),  to  stir, 

awake,  excite. 
aweorpan,  wearp,  Avorpcn   (1), 

to  cast  aside,  reject. 
awinnan,  wan,  ^vunnen  (1),  to 

win,  conquer. 
aw^^rg(i)an,  de,  ed  (G),  to  curse, 

denounce. 


B. 

Babi(y)lon,es,n.  (irreg.),  Babylon. 
Babilonia,  f . 

Babilonige,  adj.,  Babylonian. 
bae9'wa(e)g,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea  iray, 

sea. 
bael,  es,  1,  n.,  aflame,  burning. 
baelblys,  e,  2,  f.,  baelblyse,  an,  4, 

f.,  a  pile  blaze,  funereal  f  re. 
baelc,   es,  1,  m.,  a  covering,  cloud, 

balcony. 
bael,  egesa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  terror  of 

fire,  great  terror. 
baeman,    de,    ed    (5),   to   burn,   to 

fire. 
balca,  an,  4,  m.,  a  covering. 
Baldazar,  m.  (irreg.),  Delshazzar. 
bS.n,  es,  1,  n.,  a  bone. 


88 


GLOSSARY 


baun,  an,  4,  in.,  a  slayer,  murderer. 

(i.  banja. 
banhus,  cs,  1,  n.,  a  hone  house,  hodi/. 
barenian,  Ode,  od  (0),  to  lay  bare, 

expose. 
basnian,    cde,    cd    (0),   to  expect, 

(vrait. 
basil  (pi.,  wa),  adj.,  crimson, purple. 
be,  prep.,  by,  at,  of.     G.  bi. 
beae(e)n,  es,  1,  n.,  a  beacon,  sign, 

image. 
beadosearo    (indie.'),   \v^es,    1,  n., 

tear  equipment,  iceapons. 
beadumaegen,  es,  1,  n.,  strength  of 

battle,  strength. 
beag,  es,   1,  m.,  a  jewel,  treasure, 

garland  (biigan). 
b(e)ald,  adj.,  bold.     G.  balj-s. 
bealde,  adv.,  boldly. 
bealo(Av),  es,  1,  m.,  icoe,  hale,  evil. 
bealospel(l),  es,  1,  n.,  an  evil  tale. 
bealusiS",  es,  1,  m.,  a  dire  journey, 

adversity. 
be'am,  es,  1,  m.,  a  beam,  pillar.    G. 

bagms. 
bearhtm  (byrhtm),  es,   1,  m.,  a 

brightness,  tumult,  instant. 
bearni,  es,  1,  m.,  a  bosom. 
bearn,  es,  1,  n.,  a  son,  child.     G. 

Ijarn. 
beam,  "wes,  1,  m.,  a  grove,  wood. 
beatan,  bebt,  beaten  (5),  to  beat, 

strike,  hurt. 
bebebdan,  bead,   boden    (3),   to 

order,  enjoin. 
bebod,  es,  1,  n.,  a  decree,  precept. 
bebugan,  beah,  bogen  (3),  to  en- 
close, surround. 
bccunian        (cAviinan),         com, 

(c^vo(a)nl),  eunien  (1),  to  come, 

befall. 
bef{efl'in(i)an,     ede,    ed     (0),    to 

h(iu)id,  e)id)race. 
befaran,    for,    faren    (4),    to   (jo 

round,  encomj/ass. 


befeolan,  feal(h)  (fail),  folen  (1), 

tojix  in,  to  fasten.     M.  200. 
beforan,  prep.,  before  (befeore). 
begitan,  geat,  giten  (ge(a)ten) 

(1),  to  acquire,  obtain. 
bego(a)ng,    es,    1,    m.,   a    course, 

circuit. 
behealdan,  heold,  healden  (5), 

to  behold,  hold. 
behwylfan,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  subvert, 

overturn. 
belecgan,  gde,  gd  (G),  to  surround. 
belegan,  de  (6),  to  blaze,  Jlame. 
bell,  es,  1,  m.,  a  cry,  clamor. 
belucan,  leac,  locen  (3),  to  shut 

in,  enclose. 
benie,  an,  4,  f.,  a  trumpet. 
ben(n),  e,  2,  f.,  a  prayer,  entreaty. 

G.  bida. 
bend,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  band,  bond.     G. 

bandi. 
beodan,  bead,  boden  (3),  to  bid, 

order,  proclaim. 
be'on,  Ava5s,  ge"\vesen  (irreg.),  to 

be.     G.  wisan, 
beorg(li),    es,    1,    m.,   a  mountain 

sloj)e,  citadel. 
beorlilili3',   es,  1,  n.,  a  hill  slope, 

summit. 
beorht,     adj.,    bright,     lucid.      G. 

bairhts. 
beorht,  rodor,  es,  1,  m.,  a  bright 

firmament.     Beorht  may  be  used 

as  a  suffix. 
beorn,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  chief  ain,  noble- 
man, man.     In   poetry  means  a 

man. 
beorsel(e),  es,  1,  m.,  e,  2,  f.,  a  beer- 
hall,  hall. 
be'bt,  cs,   1,   n.,    a    threat,  promise, 

peril. 
b(c)Ot,   c,    2,    f.,    remedy,   redress, 

amends  (to  b(e)ote,  moreover). 
beo(t),  hata,  an,  4,  m.,  a  promiser, 

surety,  leader. 


GLOSSARY 


89 


beran,    bser,  boren   (1),    to  hear, 

carrel,  observe. 
bereafian  (bereofan)   (berofen), 

ode,  od   (0),  to  bereave,  deprive, 

spoil. 
bereccan,  re(a)hte,  eht  (G),  to  re- 
late. 
berenian,  6de,   od  (6),  to  kindle, 

build  a  fire. 
berlitmhAvat,  adj.,  quick,  bright. 
berstan,  baerst,   borsten    (1),   to 

burst,  scatter. 
beseSn,  seah,  sewen  (1),  to  look 

about,  observe.     G.  gasailiAvan. 
besngedan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  cut,  here. 
besteman,  de,  ed  (G),  to  besteam, 

surround. 
beswselan,   de,   ed    (6),   to    burn, 

singe. 
beswican,  swae,  s^viceu  (2),  to 

entice,  deceive. 
betan,  te,  ed  (6),  to  amend,  restore. 
bej>eccan,  )?eahte  (]?ehte),  J>eaht 

(6),  to  cover,  conceal. 
bcTviudan,  wand,  wunden  (1), 

to  ivind,  turn,  circuit. 
bewrecan,  wraec,  wrecen  (1),  to 

avenge,  expel. 
bew^rigan,  wrah,  wrigen  (2),  to 

clothe,  cover. 
bidan,  bad,  biden  (2),  to  await, 

bide.     G.  beidan. 
biddan,  bsed,  beden  (1),  to  beg, 

pray.     G.  bidjan. 
bifon,  feng,  fangen  (5),  to  grasp, 

hold,  surround. 
bil(l),  es,  1,  n.,  a  sword,  falchion. 
bi(y)le(y)(h)wit,    adj.,    merciful, 

kind,  innocent. 
bilswaO'u,  e,  2,  f.,  a  sword  track, 

icound. 
bindan,    band,    bunden    (1),   to 

bind,  restrain. 
biter,  adj.,  bitter,  severe.    G.  baitrs. 
blac,  adj.,  pale,  shining. 


bleed,    e,    2,  f.,    a    branch,   fiower, 
fruit,  glory. 

blaest,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  blast,  wind. 

bland,  es,  1,  n.,  a  mingling,  blending. 

bled,  e,  2,  f.,  a  blade,  branch. 

blestigan  =  bletsian.     M.  20. 

bletsian,  ode,  od  (6),  to  bless,  con- 
secrate. 

h\Wf  adj.,  blithe,  happy.     G.  bleibs. 

bliS'e  mod,  cheerful,  happy-minded. 

blinnan,  blan,  blunuen  (1),  to 
cease,  rest. 

blOd,  es,  1,  n.,  blood,  gore.    G.  blo]>. 

blOdegsa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  bloody  terror, 
storm. 

blodig,  adj.,  bloody. 

boo,  e,  2,  f.  (irreg.),  a  book,  writing. 
G.  boka. 

bScere,  es,  1,  m.,  a  writer,  interpre- 
ter, ivise  man. 

bScstsef,  es,  1,  m.,  a  letter,  character. 

bodi(ge)an.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  publish, 
preach,  order. 

b6g(li),  es,  1,  m.,  a  branch,  bough. 

boga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  boiv,  arch,  bending. 

bolgenniod,  adj.,  angry,  enraged. 

bord,  es,  1,  n.,  a  board,  shield.  G. 
baurd. 

bordhre'bS'a,  an,  4,  m.,  a  buckler. 

b6t(e),  e,  2,  f.,  an,  4,  f.,  a  remedy, 
amends. 

brad,  adj.,  broad,  ample.    G.  braids. 

br8ed(d)an,  de,  ed  (6),  to  spread, 
extend. 

bra(o)nd,  es,  1,  m.,  a  brand,  torch. 

brecan,  braec,  brecen  (1),  to 
break,  violate. 

brego(u),  m.  (indec),  a  prince, 
rider.  Used  in  poetry  as  a  pre- 
fix. 

breman,  de,  ed  (6),  to  honor,  cele- 
brate. 

bre(y)me,  adj.,  notable,  renoicned. 

breost,  e,  2,  f .,  a  breast,  bosom.  G. 
brusts. 


90 


GLOSSARY. 


brebstso)»anc,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  inner 

thouijJit,  thour/ht,  mind. 
brcbstlooa,  an,  1,  ni.,  a  breast- 
chamber,  recess  of  mind. 
brebstnet,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  breast-net, 

shield. 
brc(np)siio,  adj.,  brazen,  mighty. 
brim,  es,  1,  n.,  a  sea,  ocean.     G. 

saiws. 
briiufa(o)rii,  e,  2,  f.,  a  sea  icay, 

ocean  icay. 
bring,  es,  1,  m.,  an  offering. 
briugan,  brang,  brungen  (1),  to 

bring.     G.  briggan. 
bringan,  brolite,  gebroht  (6),  to 

bring. 
brOiaCorgyld,    es,    1,    u.,    brother- 

vengoance,  vengeance. 
brun,  adj.,  broicn. 
bryne,  es,  1,  m.,  a  burning  heat, 

a  burning. 
brytiuan.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  dispense, 

enjoy. 
brjrttian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  divide, 

distribute,  enjoy. 
buan,  de  (0),  to  direll,  inhabit. 
bufo(a)n,  prep.,  above. 
biirh(g),  e,  2,  f.,  a  city  (beorgan). 

G.  baurgs. 
burhhleoiy,  es,  1,  n.,  «  hill  slope, 

height. 
burhsittend,    es,    1,    m.     (part. 

noun),  a  dtneller,  inhabitant. 
burhstede,  es,  1,  m.,  a  city  place, 

metropolis. 
bnrhwarii,  e,  2,  f.,  a  city,  people. 
burhweard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  city  hold, 

city  ffard. 
butan(on),  prep.,  conj.,  b^lt,  un- 
less, 11-ithout. 
byrne,  an,  4,  f.,  a  trumpet. 
byrnan,    barn,    burnon    (1),    to 

burn.     (jr.  gabraunjan. 
byrucndc,  i)art.  adj.,  burning. 


C. 


ca'g(e),  e,  2,  f.,  an,  4,  f.,  a  key. 

Caldens,  a  (pi.),  the  Chaldeans. 

camp,  es,  1,  m.,  a  camp,  field,  bat- 
tle. 

Canaane'as,  ea  (pi.),  the  Canaan- 
ites.     :M.  101. 

carlelis,  adj.,  careless,  recJdess. 

e(e)ald,  es,  1,  u.,  cold.  G. 
kalds. 

eeast(e)r,  e,  2,  f.,  a  city ;  castle, 
town. 

cempa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  icarrior, 
knight. 

cene.  Or,  Gst,  adj.,  keen,  bold. 

cennan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  beget,  pro- 
ditce. 

ceorfan,  cearf,  corfen  (1),  to 
carve,  hew. 

ce'bsan,  eeas,  coren  (3),  to 
choose,  select.     G.  kiiisan. 

cigean,  eygde  (G),  to  call,  name, 
sinnmon. 

cinberg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  visor,  chin- 
defence. 

claehe,  adj.,  clean;  adv.,  entirely. 

clam(m),  es,  1,  m.,  clay,  a  clamp, 
band. 

cne'bmaeg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kinsman, 
relation. 

cne'bris(es),  e,  2,  f.,  a  family,  tribe, 
generation. 

cne'oAv,  es,  1,  n,,  a  knee,  relation- 
ship. 

cneo^vsib(b),  c,  2,  f.,  a  race,  rela- 
tionship. 

cniht,  es,  1,  m.,  a  boy,  youth, 
attendant. 

coriarer,  es,  1,  n.,  a  company, 
multitude,  pomp. 

erseft,  es,  1,  m.,  e,  2,  f.,  craft,  skill, 
power. 

cringan,  crang,  crungen  (1),  to 
cringe.^  submit. 


GLOSSARY 


cuff.    Or,    Ost,   adj.,    knoion^   re- 

noicncd.     G.  kun|?s. 
cu(y)nian,    com,   cunien   (1),    to 

come. 
cuiiib(o)l,  cs,    1,    11.,    an  ensign, 

image,  standard. 
cunnan,  cuffe,  (gejcuff  (irreg), 

to  know,  he  able.     G.  kuiinaii. 
cunniaii,  ode,  od  {(j),to  test, prove. 
c^val(u),  e,  2,  f.,  a  killing,  death. 
cw'e(a)liii,   es,    1,    u.,    slaughter, 

death. 
cwen,  e,  2,  f.,  a  queen,  woman, 

wife. 
cwinian,  cwa(o)in,  cunien  (1), 

to  come. 
cw-yld-rof,     adj.,     slaughter  -  re- 

nou-ned,  brave. 
cyffan,  de(9'e),  ed  (G),  to  declare, 

make  known.     G.  gakannjan. 
cyme,  es,  1,  m.,  a  coming. 
cyme,  adj.,  fit,  noble,  comely. 
cyn,  es,  1,  ii.,  kin,  race,  tribe. 
cynegSd,  adj.,  nobhj  born,  gentle. 
cynerice,  es,  1,  n.,  a  realm,  king- 
dom. 
cynej^rymm,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kingly 

host. 
cyning,  es,  1,  m.,  a  king,  ruler. 
cyningdOm  (cinedOm),  es,  1,  m., 

a  kingdom,  power. 
cyr(r)  (cerre),  es,  1,  m.,  a  turn, 

bending,  return. 
cyrman,  de  (6),  to  utter,  cry  out. 
cy(e)rran,   de,   ed   (6),    to   turn, 

change. 
cyst,  e,   2,   f.,   choice,   costliness, 

bounty. 


D. 

daed,  e,  2,  f.,  a  deed,  an  act  (don). 

G.  gadeds. 
daedhwat,  adj.,  active^  bold. 


doedle^n,  cs, 

quital.  \  ^     "J^ 

dsedweorc,  es,  lN(k>  «  deed,  feat^J'/^ 
great  ivork.  ^^x'  '       ^ 

daeg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  day.     G^  dags,  j'  :v  ^   y 

dsegsceado,  es,  1,  m.,  a  day-shndSx—^^:^:^^^ 
shade. 

dsegsce(y)ald,  es,  1,  m.,  a  day- 
shield.,  cloud. 

daeg^veorc,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  day's  work, 
stated  service. 

daegw^oma,  an,  4,  m.,  the  break  of 
day,  dawn. 

dselan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  deal,  divide. 
G.  dailjaii. 

Daniel,  m.,  Daniel. 

David,  es,  m.,  David. 

de'ad,  adj.,  dead.     G.  dauj-s. 

de'aff,  es,  1,  m.,  death  {pi.  spirits). 

deaffdrepe,  es,  1,  m.,  «  death-blow, 
death. 

deaffstede,   es,  1,  n.,  a  place  of 
death,  sepulchre. 

deaw,  es,  1,  m.,  i/ie  dev). 

dea-\v-dr(i)eas,  as,  1,  m.,  a  dew- 
falling. 

deawig,  adj.,  dewy. 

deawigfeffer,  e,  2,  f.,  a  wing,  a 
dewy  feather, 

deawigfeffere,  adj.,  deicy  feath- 
ered, winged. 

dema,  an,  4,  m.,  a  judge,  ruler. 

deman,  de,  ed  (Q),  to  judge,  deem. 
G.  dorajan. 

de'bfol,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  the  devil  ( 101  c). 

de^ofoldaed,  e,  2,  f.,  devil-work, 
a  wicked  deed. 

deofolgyld,   es,   1,   n.,    an    idol, 
idolatry. 

de'bfolTvitega,  an,  4,  m.,  a  false 
prophet,  soothsayer. 

deof,  es,  1,  m.,  the  deep,  abyss. 

de^of,  adj.,  dee}),  great.     G.  diups. 

de'br,  es,  1,  n.,  a  wild  beast,  deer. 
G.  dius. 


P'2 


GLOSSARY. 


door(o),  ailj.,  dear,  beloved  (dyre). 

deormod,  adj.,  beloved,  renowned. 

deriaii,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  harm,  in- 
jure. 

Dira,  n  (irreg.),  Dura,  Plain  of 
Dura. 

doin,  OS,  1,  m.,  judgment,  counsel, 
interpretation,  2)otcer^  law. 

dun,  di(y)de,  ge-dOn  (irreg.),  to 
do.  execute.     G.  taujan. 

dream,  es,  1,  m..,  joy,  gladness, 
music. 

dreamleas,  adj.,  sad,  joyless. 

dreariing,  e,  2,  f .,  a  falling,  dis- 
tilling. 

dreiicflOd,  es,  1,  n.,  a  deluge, 
flood. 

dre^ogan,  dreah(g),  drogen  (3), 
to  bear.,  do,  suffer. 

dre^or,  es,  1,  m.,  gore,  blood. 
Used  as  a  prefix. 

dreoran,  drear  (dreosan,  dreas), 
drorcii  ( 1 ) ,  to  fall,  perish. 

driht,  e,  2,  f.,  a  host,  company, 
household. 

drihten,  es,  1,  m.,  a  lord,  rider, 
the  Lord.  Used  in  composi- 
tion. 

drihtenweard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  guard- 
ian, master. 

drihtfolc,  es,  1,  n.,  a  multitude, 
the  people. 

driht,  ne,  es,  1,  ni.  (pi,  driht- 
ndas,  carcasses). 

drysmian,  de  (G),  to  obscure, 
darken. 

drofa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  drop,  spot. 

druncen,  adj.,  drunken. 

dry  in  list :  see  dyre. 

dugo(u)l3',  e,  2,  f.,  rank,  pros- 
perity, people. 

dygle,  adj.,  secret  (digel) ;  adv., 
secretly  (dyglice),  deeply. 

d5>^rc,  ra,  ost  (dr^niust),  adj., 
dear,  beloved. 


E. 

elic,  conj.,  also,  likeunse. 
e'iica,  an,  4,  m.,  an  addition.,  ad- 
vantage. 
elicen,  adj.,  great,  gifted  (^acan). 
ead,  adj.,  rich,  happy. 
ead,  es,  1,  n.,  wealth,  prosperity ^ 

mi- 

ell  dig,  adj.,  happy,  blessed. 

ea3'(e),  adj.,  easy  (eli'Sor,  ost) ; 
adv.,  easily  (eS,  e^a'Sost). 

ea9'(d)medu,  pi.  n.,  u,  e,  2,  f., 
htimility. 

e'a^'inedum,  adv.,  humbly. 

ea3'metto,  f.  (indec),  ii,  e,  2,  f., 
humility,  submission. 

eafora,  an,  4,  m.,  a  son,  descend- 
ant. 

e'age,  an,  4,  n.,  an  eye.  M.  95. 
G.  aiigo. 

cald,  adj.,  old,  ancient  (yldra,  est). 

ealdfe'cnd,  es,  1,  m.,  an  ancient  foe. 

eal(l),  adj.,  all. 

(e)aldor,  e,  2,  f.,  life. 

(c)aldor,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  a  prince, 
ancestor,  elder. 

ealdordom,  es,  1,  ra.,  eldership, 
poioer. 

ealdorlagu(e),  e,  2.  f.  (leg,  es, 
1,  m.),  destiny,  life's  decree. 

ealdorman,  es,  1,  m.,  an  alder- 
man, rider,  one  next  to  the  king. 

ealdAverig,  adj.,  perverse,  de- 
praved. 

ealhstede,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  hall-stead, 
palace. 

eallcs,  adv.,  vjholly.,  entirely. 

ear,  es,  1,  m.,  the  sea,  ocean. 

earc,  e,  2,  f.,  an  ark,  chest.  G. 
arka. 

eard(3'),  es,  1,  m.,  native  soil, 
earth. 

carfoafnia^ecg,  es,  1,  m.,  a,  an,  4, 
m.,  an  afflicted  man,  a  sufferer. 


GLOSSARY. 


93 


earfoafsiigf,  es,  1,  m.,  a  hard  jour- 
ney, a  hard  lot. 
earm,  adj.,  poor,  wretched.      G. 

arms. 
earmsceapen,     adj.,     ill-created, 

misshapen. 
earu,  adj.,  quick,  swift,  ready. 

eastream,    es,    1,    ni.,    the    sea, 
ocean. 

east-weg,  es,  1,  m.,  an  east  imy, 
eastward. 

ece,    adv.,    always,    eternal    (ec, 
also) ;  3i(\j.,per2Jetual. 

ecg,  e,  2,  f.,  an  edge,  sword,  imr. 

edsceaft  (scseft),  e,  2,  f.,  a  new 
creatioyi,  regeneration. 

e'Sf  adj.,  mild,  submissive. 

e'San  (yS'an),  de  (6),  to  overrun, 
devastate. 

eljel,  es,  1,  m.,  home.,  native  land, 
inheritance. 

eaPelland,  es,  1,  n.,  a  native  land, 
legacy. 

eS'elleas,  adj.,  homeless,  wretched. 

eafelriht,  es,  1,  u.,  native   right, 
land  right. 

eS'elweard,  es,   1,    m.,   a  native 
prince,  people's  guardian. 

el^fynde,  adj.,  easily  found. 

efne,  adv.,  even,  evenly,  just,  even 
as. 

efn-gedaelan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  share 
evenly,  divide. 

efn(i)aii,  (e)de,  ed  (G),  to  do,  exe- 
cute. 

eft-wyrd,  adv.,  afterimrd. 

ege-lafe,  e,  2,  f.,  a  fearful  rem- 
nant, battle  remnant. 

eg(e)le,  adj.,  troublesome,  hateful. 

egesa,  an,  4,  Yi\.,fear,  terror. 

egesful(l),  di(\].,  fearful,  terrible. 

egeslic,  adj.,/ecn'/?(/,  severe. 

egeslice,  adv.,  fcarfidly,  severely. 

egl(i)aii,    cde,    ed     (G),    to    ail, 
trouble,  torment. 


Egypte,  e,  f.,  Egypt. 
Egypte,  a,  pi.,  Egyptians. 
eht(i)an,  ehte,  ed  (G),  to  folloio, 
hai'ass. 

elpend,   es,   1,   m.,   an   elephant, 
v;alrus. 

el>eodig,  fx.(\y,  foreign. 

ende,  es,  1,  m.,  an  end.  G.  andeis 
(ands). 

endedseg,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  final  day, 
the  last  day. 

endelean,  es,  1,  n.,  a  final  reward, 
pnnishmeiit. 

enge,  adj.,  straight,  narrow. 

cngel,  es,  1,  m.,  an  angel,  messen- 
ger. 

ebde  :  see  gan.     G.  gaggau. 

eor3'(e),  e,  2,  f.,  an,  4,  f.,  the 
earth,  ground  (eardian). 

eorafbuend,  es,  1,  m.,  an  earth- 
dweller,  man. 

eorijcyn,  es,  l,n.,  the  human  race, 
men. 

eord'cyning,  es,  1,  m.,  an  earth- 
king,  great  Icing. 

eor3'lic,  adj.,  earthly. 

eorl,  es,  1,  ni.,  an  earl,  count. 
This  is  a  ])auisli  word  (yarl) 
transferred  to  English. 

eorp,  adj.,  dark,  dusky,  icolf- 
colored. 

eorp  (eorod),  es,  1,  m.,  a  host. 

eow:  see  )?u. 

e^owian,  de,  ed  (G),  to  shoic,  re- 
veal. 

esne  (aesne),  es,  1,  m.,  a  servant, 
man. 

est,  es,  1,  m.,  favor,  pleasure,  grace: 


F. 

facen,    es,    1,    u.,    fraud,    guile, 

ifickedness. 
facne,  adv.,  evilly,  deceitfully. 


94 


GLOSSAKV. 


faec,  OS,  1,  11.,  a  space,  time, 
period. 

fa'dcr,  OS  (also  iudcc.  in  slug.), 
1,  m.,  father.     G.  fader. 

fiodoraafelo,  f.  (iiidec),  ancestry, 
orif/in. 

fa?doroyii,  es,  1,  n.,  a  paternal 
race. 

f{o3'in,  OS,  1,  m.,  a  fathom,  grasp, 
embrace.     G.  fajni. 

ftipge,  adj.,  dying,  fated,  accursed. 

fa'g(e)r,  adj.,  fair,  joyous. 

fa'gro,  a.i\y.,  fairly,  heautifidhj. 

far,  OS,  1,  111.,  fear,  danger,  sud- 
den coming. 

fserbryno,  es,  1,  m.,  sudden  heat, 
great  heat. 

faergryre,  es,  1,  m.,  horror,  dire 
terror. 

faerspell,  es,  1,  n.,  sudden  tidings, 
alarm. 

faerwundor,  es,  1,  ii.,  sudden  won- 
der, great  wonder. 

fast,  u.(\].,  fast,  firm,  constant. 

fastau,  te  (G),  to  fast,  expiate  by 
fasting. 

faste,  adv.,  fast,  firmly. 

fasten,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  fastness,  fort- 
ress. 

fastlic,  adj.,  fast,  firm. 

fah,  adj.,  hostile. 

faingian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  foam, 
boil. 

faming,  a.d^.,  foaming. 

famigbosni,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  gulf, 
foamy  bosom. 

fana,  an,  4,  m.,  a  flag,  standard. 

fandian,  Ode,  od  (G),  to  try, 
test. 

faran,  for,  faren  (t),  to  go,  march, 
die.     G.  faran. 

Faraon,  es,  in..  Pharaoh. 

f<^a(^v),  adj.  (iiidoc),  feu;  (dal.. 
nm).     G.  faws. 

foax,  cs,  1,  11.,  hair. 


feSTa,  an,  4,  in.,  a  fool-soldier, 
army,  tribe. 

feliye-gast,  es,  1,  m.,  a  foot-guest, 
visitor,  spirit  of  death. 

fela,  adj.  (iudcc),  many,  much. 
G.  filu(s). 

fold,  es,  1.  111.,  a  fields  plain. 

feldhus,  OS,  1,  n.,  a  field-house, 
tent. 

feng,  OS,  1,  m.,  a  grasp,  hold. 

feoh,  OS,  1,  u.  (irrcg.),  cattle, 
money,  property.     G.  failiu. 

fe'bhsoeat,  es,  1,  m.,  money,  treas- 
ure. 

feT^nd,  es,  1,  m.,  an  enemy,  fiend. 

fe'or,  adj.,  ady../«r.     G.  fairra. 

feoriJa,  num.  iv(\].,  fourth. 

feor(li),  es,  ],  n.,  soul,  life,  man. 
G.  fairliwus. 

feorligebeorh(g),  es,  1,  m.,  life- 
security^  safety. 

feorhlelin,  es,  1,  m.,  a  life-gift, 
reicard. 

feorhnere,  es,  1,  m.,  life,  safety, 
salvation. 

feran,  do  (G),  to  journey,  march, 
depart. 

fer-elani,  es,  1,  m.,  sudden  fear. 

ferhiS',  es,  1,  m.,  life,  mind,  spirit. 

ferhS'bana,  an,  4,  in.,  a  life-de- 
stroyer, murderer. 

ferhljioce,  an,  4,  ni.,  a  life-enclo- 
sure, soul. 

feriaii,  (o)cdc,  cd  (G),  to  bear, 
carry. 

fiftig,  num.  ai\j.,  fifty. 

findan,  fand,  funden  (1),  to  find, 
discover. 

fir,  es,  1,  m.,  a  living  one,  man. 

firen,  adj.,  sinfid. 

fi(y)ren,  e,  2,  f.,  a  si7i,  crime 

llan,  e,  2,  f.,  a  dart,  arrow. 

fleam,  es,  1,  vn.,  flight,  banishment. 

fleon,  flelih,  flogen  (3),  to  flee,  es- 
cape  (llebgon).     G.  lliuliau. 


GLOSSAKY. 


95 


flOd,  es,  1,  n.,  a  flood,  loave.     G. 
flodus. 

flodblac,  iidj.,flood-2Ktle,  pale  idth 
fright. 

fl6deg(e)sa,  an,  4,  va.,  flood-terror, 
fear. 

flOd^veard,  e,  2,  f.,  a  flood-guar- 
dian. 

flodweg,   es,  1,  m.,  a  flood-icay, 
sea. 

flota,  an,  4,  m.,  a  shijj.,  sailor. 

flys  (flebs),  es,  1,  n.,  fleece,  cloth- 
ing. 

folc,  es,  1,  n.,  folk,  people. 

folccuff,  adv.,  p)opidar,  celebrated., 
tvell  known. 

folcgesia',    es,    1,   m.,    a  prince, 
ruler  of  the  people. 

folcgetsel,    e,   2,    f.,   the  people., 
multitude. 

folcmaegen,  es,  1,  n.,  the  people's 
force,  thep)eople. 

folcrilit,  es,  1,  n.,  folk-right,  com- 
mon X)rivilcge. 

folcsweot,  es,  1,  m.,  a  multitude, 
host. 

folctsel,  e,  2,  f.,  a  folk-list,  gene- 
alogy. 

folctoga,  an,  4,  m..  a  folk-leader. 

folde,  an,  4,  f.,  afield,  the  earth. 

folni(e),   es,    1,  m.,   an,  4,  f.,    a 
hand. 

for,  prep., /or,  before.     G.  faur. 

foran,  adv.,  before,  only. 

forbaernan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  burn 
up,  consume. 

forbrecan,  breec,  brecen  (1),  to 
destroy,  break. 

forbyrnan,  barn,  burnen  (1),  to 
burn,  consume. 

tor's,  adv.,  forth,  thence. 

forS'gang,   es,    1,  m.,  a  journey, 
progress. 

for'3'Iier(g)e,  es,  1,  m.,  the  van  cf 
an  army. 


for^fon,  conj.,/o?',  therefore. 

fori5'\veg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  journey, 
oniaard  way. 

foregenga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  herald, 
forerunner. 

foregengend,  es,  1,  m.,  a  fore- 
runner. 

foremihtig,  adj.,  preptotent. 

foreweall,  es,  1,  m.,  a  foreicall, 
rampart. 

foreweard,  fyrra,  adj.. /ore. 

forfon,  feng,  fangen  (o),  to  seize, 
arrest. 

forgitan,  geat  (gaet),  geten  (1), 
to  forget,  neglect. 

forgifan,  geaf,  gifen  ( 1 ) ,  to  for- 
give., give. 

forgyldan,  geald,  golden  (1),  to 
pay,  reward. 

forhabban,  hsefde,  ed  (6),  to  re- 
strain, hold,  deny. 

forht,  adj.,  timid,  fearful. 

forhtian,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  fear,  be 
alarmed. 

forl(a)etan,  let,  l(a)eten  (5),  to 
permit,  forsake. 

forma  (fruma),  num,  adj.,  super, 
of  foreweard,  first,  foremost. 

forniman,  nam,  numen  (1),  to 
deprive,  take  aivay. 

forscufan,  scelif,  scofen  (3),  to 
ptut  aside,  cast  down. 

forst,  es,  1,  m..,  frost.     G.  fi'ius. 

forstandan,  stod,  standen  (4),  to 
withstand,  protect,  preside,  'U)i- 
derstand. 

fracoS",  adj.,  vile,  infamous. 

frajt(w)u,  e,  2,  f.,  ornament,  treas- 
ure. 

fre'a,  an,  4,  m.,  a  lord,  master 
(prse).     G.  frauja. 

fre'agle'aw,  adj.,  imident,  very 
skilful. 

fr(o)a.sian,  de  (G),  to  question, 
tempt. 


96 


GLOSSARY. 


frecne,  adv.,  boldly ^  fiercely  ;  adj., 

hold. 
fremian,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  prosjoer, 

projnote. 
fremnian,  de,  ed  (G),  to  do,  make, 

2)erpctrate. 
freb  (indec),  f.,  a  mder,  mistress, 

woman  (frebs). 
fre'bbearn,  es,  1,  n.,  noble  chil- 
dren^ free-born. 
freobrOsafor,   or  (irreg.),   m.,  an 

own  brother. 
frco3'u(o),  e,  2,  f.,2)eace,  blessing, 

liberty. 
freo9'ow8er,  e,  2,  f.,  a  covenant, 

promise. 
freoh,  adj.,  free  (fri).     G.  freis. 
freoin,  adj.,  firm,  strong. 
freomaeg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kinsman, 

relation. 
fretan,  fra^t,  freten  (1),   to  eat, 

break.     G.  fra-itan. 
friiar,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  jieace,  favor, 

protection. 
fri (g) nan,  fraeg,  fru(g)nen    (1), 

to  ask,  learn  by  asking. 
fr6d,  adj.,  wise,  pi'itdent,  old. 
frofer,  e,  2,  f.,  solace,  comfort. 
from,  adj.,  firm,  good,  bold. 
fruma(o),  au,  4,  m.,  a  beginning, 

origin  (on  fruman,  at  first). 
frumbearn,  es,  1,  n.,  first-born. 
frumcne'b-\v,  es,  1,  n.,  a  progejii- 

tor,  race. 
fru(o)mcyn,  es,  1,  n.,  tJie  origin 

of  men,  offspnng. 
fnimgar,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  patriarch, 

chieftain. 
frumsceaft,    e,  2,  f.,    fii'st  crea- 
tion, a  beginning. 
frmnslajp,  es,  1,  m.,  a  first  sleep. 
fruinspraec,  e,  2,  f.,  a  first  saying, 

promise. 
frynilS',  es,  1,  m.,  a  beginning. 
fug(e)l,  es,  1,  m.,  a  fowl,  bird. 


ful,  adj.,/owZ.     G.  fuls. 

ful(l),  adj.,  full,  perfect.    G.  fulls. 

furgfor,  adv.,  forth,  comp.  of  fori'. 

fus,  adj.,  ready,  quick. 

fyll,    e,   2,    f.,   es,    1,    m.,    ruin, 

slaughter,  fall. 
fyllan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  finish,  fulfil. 
fyr,  es,  1,  w.,  fire. 
fyrd,  e,  2,  f.,  an  army,  expedition. 
fyrdgetrum,  es,  1,  n.,  a  martial 

band,  host. 
fyrdle'bS',  es,  1,  n.,  a  icar  song. 
fyrdwic,  es,  1,  n.,  a  camp,  army 

station. 
fyreu,  adj.,  fiery. 
fjTendaed,  e,  2,  f.,  an  evil  deed, 

sin. 
fyrmest :  see  forew'eard. 
fyrndasg,  es,   1,  m.,   yore,   olden 

time,  days  of  yore. 
fyrst,  e,  2,  f.,  «  space,  delay. 
fyrstinearc,    e,    2,    f.,    a    s'pace, 

period. 


G. 

gad  (gaed),  es,  1,  n.,  vmnt,  need. 
giedeling,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  comrade, 

associate. 
gters :  see  grtes. 
galen,  gol,  galen  (4),  to  sing. 
gani(e)ol,  adj.,  old,  hoary. 
gan       (gegan),      e'bde,      gegan 

(irreg.),  to  go,  to  go  through, 

practise. 
gang,  es,  1,  ra.,  «  way,  journey, 

march. 
gangan,     geng,    (ge'bng)    (5) 

(irreg.),  to  go. 
gar,  es,  1,  m.,  a  spear,  javelin. 
garbe'am,  es,  1,  m.,  a  spear-beam, 

sv'ord-handle. 
garberend,   es,    1,    in.,   a    spear- 
bearing  one,  warrior. 


GLOSSARY. 


97 


ga.rfaru,    e,     2,     f.,     a    martial 

way. 
garheiif,  es,  1,  ui.,  an  army  band, 

army. 
garseeg,  es,  1,  m.,  the  sea^  ocean. 
gavwadu,  a,  3,  m.',  spear-iGood,  a 

spear,  beam. 
ga(e)st,  es,  1,  m.,  a  ghost,  spirit. 
ge  :  see  ]?u,  ye.     G.  jus,  izwis. 
gcallimOd,     adj.,     sad-minded, 

gloomy. 
geare  (gere),  adv.,  well. 
gearu  (gear we),  adj.,  adv.,  ready 

(gearo). 
gebsedan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  persuade, 

compel. 
gebe'bdan,  be'ad,  boden   (3),   to 

order,  enjoin. 
gebeorgan,   bearli,  borgen   (1), 

to  save,  defend. 
gebidan,  bad,  biden  (2),  to  abide, 

await. 
gebindan,  band,  bunden  (1),  to 

bind. 
geblendan,  bland,  blonden  (1), 

to  mix,  corrupt.     G.  bluudaii. 
gebletsig(i)an,   ode,   od    (G),    to 

bless. 
gebycgan,   bohte,   boht   (6),    to 

buy,  secure. 
gece^osan,    ceas,    coren    (3),    to 

choose,  select. 
gecwelffan,  cwaeaf,   cweden  (1), 

to  say,  declare. 
gecySfan,   Sfde,   ed  (G),  to  make 

known,  manifest,  tell. 
gecynde,  adj.,  natural,  genial. 
gedselan,   de,   ed  (6),  to  divide, 

distribute. 
gedeman,   de,   ed    (6),  to  judge, 

decree. 
gedSn,  di(y)de,  dOn  (G)  (irreg.), 

to  do,  act. 
gedrencan,   te,   ed    (6),   to   sub- 
merge, drown. 


gedre^osan,  dreas,  droren  (3),  to 
fall  together,  to  rush,  overthroio. 

gedriht,  e,  2,  f.,  a  host,  company. 

gedrym(e)   (gedreme),  adj.,  joy- 
ous, cheerful. 

gedwola,  an,  4,  m.,  an  error,  de- 
ceit; one  in  error. 

geeglan,   de,   ed   (G),   to   injure, 
afflict. 

gefaran,  for,  faren  (4),  to  pro- 
ceed, depart. 

gefeallan,   feol,  feallen    (5),    to 
fall,  deluge. 

gefeon  (feohan),  feah,  fegen  (1), 
to  rejoice,  exult. 

geferan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  go,  journey. 

gefeterian.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  fetter, 
bind. 

gefihan,  feah,  fehen  (1),  to  re- 
joice, be  glad. 

geflyman,  de,  ed  (G),  to  banish, 
expel. 

gefraege,    es,    1,    n.,    an  inquiry, 
asking. 

gefraege,    adj.,    knoivn,   famous, 
notorious. 

gefrecnian.  Ode,  od   (G),  to  cor- 
rupt, make  evil. 

gefremman,   de,  ed    (G),    to   do, 
icork. 

gefri(g)nan,  fra(eg)(n),  fru(g)- 
nen  ( 1 ) ,  to  ask,  learn  by  asking. 

gefyllan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  fell,  cut 
down. 

gefyllan,  de,  ed  (G),  io  accomplish, 
fulfil. 

gefysan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  hasten. 

gegledan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  kindle, 
lighten. 

gegnunga,  adv.,  immediately. 

gegrind,  es,  1,  n.,  a  crash,  grinding. 

gehatan,     liet,     liaten     (5),     to 
promise,  vow. 

gehealdan,  he'bld,  healden  (5), 
to  hold,  possess.    G.  haldan. 


98 


GLOSSARY. 


gehladan,  hlGd,  hla(e)den   (4), 

to  load,  heap,  burden. 
ge{h)nipan,     (h)nap,     (h)iiipen 

(2),  (o  arise  as  a  chmd,  to  cloud. 
gelnva,   es,    adj.    pro.,   whoever, 

each  one,  every. 
gehweorfan,   liAvcarf,   hworfen 

(1),  to  turn,  change,  return. 
gehwilc,  adj.  pro.,  each,  every. 
gehy(c)gan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  con- 
sider, devise. 
gehygd,  es,  1,  m.,  e,  2,  f.,  thought, 

mind,  reflection. 
gehyld,  es,  1,   n.,   guardianshi}'), 

custody. 
gehyran,  de  (6),  to  hear,  obey. 
gelad,  es,  1,  m.,  a  way,  course. 
gelaa",  adj.,  hostile. 
gelaed(d)an  (geledan),  de,  ed  (6), 

to  lead,  bring. 
gelfestan,  te,  ed  (6),  to  do,  per- 
form. 
geleafa,  an,  4,  m.,  faith,  assent. 
gelic,     adj.,     like,     similar.      G. 

iraleiks. 
gelimpan,  lamp,  lumpen  (1),  to 

happen,  befall. 
gelyfan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  concede, 

grant,  believe. 
gemaene,  adj.,  common,  geufral. 
gemfettan,   te,   ed   (od)    (G),    to 

dream. 
gemet,  adj.,  meet,  fit. 
gemengan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  mingle, 

defile,  confuse. 
gemunan,  de  (0),  to  remember. 
gemynd,  es,  1,  n.,  e,  2,  f.,  thought, 

mmd,  consideration. 
geinyn(lg(i)an,   de,  ed   (G),  to  he 

mindful,  rcinemher. 
geinyiidig,  adj.,  mindful. 
gciiiyntan,  te,  ed  (G),  to  resolve,- 

purpose. 
gena'gan,   do,   ed   (G),   to  assail, 

ufitict,  subdue. 


genapan,    ne'bp,    napen    (')),   to 

overichelm,  destroy. 

geneicTian,  de,  ed  (Cy),  to  venture, 
dare,  press. 

gneerian,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  save, 
i^reserve. 

gengan,  de  (G),  to  go. 

geng  (geong),  adj.,  young. 

geniman,  nam,  numen  (1),  to 
take,  obtain. 

gennvian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  revive, 
renew. 

genj^dan,  de  (6),  to  compel,  force. 

geoc,  e,  2,  f.,  aid,  comfort. 

geoeian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  save, 
help,  stre?igthen. 

ge'bcor,  Ost,  adj.,  sad,  painfid. 

ge'ocre,  adv.,  severely. 

geofon,  es,  1,  n.,  the  sea,  deep. 

ge'bgulS',  e,  2,  f.,  youth.  G. 
juuda. 

gebmra,  adj.,  grim,  sad. 

geondc  prep.,  adv.,  beyond, 
through,  among. 

geondsawan,  seow,  s^wen  (5), 
to  scatter,  sow  abroad. 

georn,  adj.,  willing,  a)ixious,  zeal- 
ous. 

georne,  adv.,  willingly,  earnestly. 

georulice,  adv.,  zealously. 

gera^du,  e,  2,  f.,  trappings,  har- 
ness. 

gerec(e)mian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  ex- 
plain, reckon. 

gerefa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  companioti, 
associate. 

gcregnian,  6de  (G),  to  arrange, 
set  in  order. 

geriman,  de,  ed  (G),  to  count, 
compute. 

gcri(y)sne,  adj.,  p)roper,  con- 
venient; es,  1,  n.,  convenience, 
propriety. 

gorum,  adj.,  great,  .^ipacioiis. 

Gerusalem,  f.  (irrcg.),  Jerusalem. 


GLOSSAKY. 


^ 


geryman,  de,  ed  [(S),to  enlarge; 

open,  lay  icaste. 
gerj'ue,  es,  1,  n.,  a  mystery,  decree. 
gesaelan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  bind. 
gesainiiian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  gather, 

assemble. 
gesceadan,  sce'bd,  scaden  (5),  to 

divide,  separate. 
gesceaiafan,  sce'bd,  sceasafen   (5), 

to  injure,  overivhelm. 
gesceaft,  e,  2,  f.,  a  decree. 
gesceon,  ode  (G),  to  appoint,  be- 
fall. 
gescrifan,   scraf,  serif  en   (2),  to 

impose,  prescribe. 
gescy(i)daii,  de,  ed  (G),  to  shield, 

protect. 
gescyldau,  de,  ed  (6),  to  shield, 

guard. 
geseegan,   saegde,    saegd    (G),    to 

declare.  edcp)lain,  confess. 
geseOfan,    de,    ed    (6),    to   affirm, 

verify. 
gesettan,  te,  t  (G),  to  set,  settle, 

place. 
gese'bn     (seohan),  seah,   se^veIl 

(1),  to  see,  observe. 
gesiS*,    es,    1,    m.,    a   companion, 

associate. 
gesigefsest,  adj.,  triumphant,  vic- 
torious. 
gesi(y)ne,  adj.,  manifest,  visible. 
gesittan,  sset,   seten   (1),   to  sit, 

dwell. 
geslean,  sloli(g),    slegen   (4),  to 

strike,  slay,  kill. 
gespannan,  spen  (e'en),  spannen 

(5),  to  join,  span. 
gestandan,  stOd,  standen  (4),  to 

stand.     G.  gastaiidan. 
gestepan,  te  (G),  to  raise,  erect. 
gestigan,  stall,  stigeii  (2),  to  rise, 

ascend. 
gestillan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  stay,  re- 
strain. 


9 


•  ^-J^ 


gestre'bn,   es, :  1,  n.,   gain',Hre(M- 
ure.  ■;   f  ■'. 

gestrudan,  stre'kd,  stroden  (3),  J^ 
to  plunder,  ravage 

geswelgan,  s\vealh(g),  swolgea  , 
(1),  to  sivallcnc,  devour. 

gesweorcan,    swearc,    sworcen 
(3),  to  darken,  obscure. 

ges-weSCan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  confirm, 
strengthen. 

gesy(i)h9',  e,  2,  f.,  a  sight,  view. 

gesyllan,    sealde,    seald   (G),  to 
give,  deliver. 

gesynt(o),   e,   2,    f.,  fruit,   pros- 
perity. 

getellan,    tealde,    teald    (G),    to 
count,  7iumber. 

getenge,  adj.,  heavy,  oppressive. 

gete'bn,   te'ali(g),    togen    (3),    to 
draw,  educate. 

gete'bii,  de  (G),  to  design,  appoint^ 
frame. 

gej^anc,    es,     1,     m.,    n.,     mind, 
thought. 

ge)?encaii,    J^olite,    J^olit   (G),    to 
think,  devise. 

ge)?e'bn,  }>ah,^]jogen  (2),  to  thrive, 
floujish. 

gej^ing,  es,   1,   n.,   a  council,  as- 
sembly. 

ge]?oht,  es,  1,  m.,  a  thought,  re- 
solve.    G.  Jjiihtus. 

getitTian,    ode,    od    (ad)    (G),    to 
grant,  perform. 

getinibrian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  build, 
erect.     G.  gatimrjan. 

getwaefan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  divide^ 
divert,  distract. 

gewadan,   wod,   w^aden   (4),   to 
icade  through,  pervade. 

ge-n^eale,  es,  1,  n.,  a  rolling,  an 
attack. 

ge weald,  e,  2,  f.,  power,  rule. 

geweaxan,  \v(e)Ox,  weaxen  (4), 
to  grow.)  increase.     G.  wahsjau. 


100 


GLOSSARY. 


geweniman,  de,  ed  (6),  to  stain, 

defile. 
goweorljan,  weara",  ivorden  ( 1 ) , 

to  happen,  oecnr. 
geweorafiau.  Ode,  od  (G)  to  honor, 

adorn. 
gcwinda'g,   es,    1,   m.,  a  day  of 

sorrov,  humiliation. 
ge^Adndan,  wand,  wunden   (1), 

to  icind  about,  circle,  enrol. 
gewita,  an,  4,  m.,  a  sage,  witness, 

comrade. 
ge^vitan,  -wat,  ^vitcn  (2),  to  de- 

jKU't,  die. 
ge'\\-it(t),  es,  1,  n.,  mind,  knoid- 

edge,  skill. 
gcwrit,  es,  1,  ii.,  «  icriting.  Scrip- 
ture. 
ge-\vun,  adj.,  wont,  accustomed. 
ge\vu(y)r3'ian,    ode,    od    (G),    to 

adorn,  magnify. 
geu^yrcan,   Avorlite,   Avorlit  (G), 

to  v:ork,  effect. 
ge^vyrIlt,  es,  1,  u.,  a  deed,  desert. 
ge-vvyrhto  (iudec),  deserts,  merits. 
gif,  conj.,  if,  though.     G.  ibai. 
gifan,  geaf  (gajf),  gifen  (1),  to 

give,  hestoic. 
gifu,  e,  2,  f.,  a  gift,  favor. 
gihlclfu    (gehl^u),  e,  2,    f.,   spirit, 

mind,  anxiety. 
gi(y)ld,  es,  1,  n.,  a p>ayment,  offer- 
ing, idol. 
gi(y)lp,  es,  1,  m.,  glory,  boasting. 
gilpan,    gealp,    golpen    (1),    to 

boast,  vaunt. 
gin,  es,  1,  n.,  an  expanse,  opening. 
ginfaist,  adj.,  ample,  vast. 
ging,   ra,   ost,   adj.,    young.      G. 

glade,  adv.,  gladly,  vnllingly. 
glade,  es,  1,  m.,  a  fall,  setting  (of 

tlie  ,snn). 
gUed,  adj.,  glad.     G.  Idas. 
glaedniod,  adj.,  glad,  glad-minded. 


gleliw,  adj.,  ^n.9e,  skilfid,  clever. 

gleawmOd,  adj .,  prudent,  prudent- 
minded. 

glOd,  e,  2,  i.,  a  coal,  fire. 

gnome,  adj.,  sad,  mournful. 

god,  adj.,  good.     G.  gods. 

god,  es,  1,  m.,  God  (pi.,  m.,  n., 
idols,  gods).     G.  Gu^a. 

godsaed,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  godly  race, 
seed. 

godspellian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  gos- 
]}el,  preach. 

gold,  es,  1,  11.,  gold.     G.  giilh. 

goldfaet,  es,  1,  n.,  a  gold  vessel, 
costly  vessel. 

goldhord  (heord),  es,  1,  m.,  a 
treasure,  treasury. 

goldAveb,  es,  1,  n.,  purple,  tap- 
estry. 

gra^dig,  adj.,  greedy.    G.  gredags. 

graes,  es,  1,  n.,  grass.     G.  gras. 

gr(a)etan,  gret,  gr(a)eten  (5),  to 
weep,  lament. 

gra(o)m,  adj.,  fierce,  angry. 

granilice,  adv.,  fiercely. 

gren,  adj.,  green. 

gretan,  te,  ed  (G),  to  greet,  ap- 
proach. 

grim,  adj.,  severe. 

grinilielm,  es,  1,  m,,  a  grim  visor, 
masked  helmet. 

griinine,  adv.,  sternly. 

grindan,  grand,  grunden  (1),  to 
grind,  crush. 

grome,  adv.,  fiercely. 

grand,  es,  1,  m.,  ground,  earth. 
G.  grundus. 

grymetan.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  clash., 
raze. 

gryre,  es,  1,  m.,  re  dread,  terror. 

gua",  e,  2,  f,  battle,  war.  Used  as 
a  prefix. 

guffeyst,  e,  2,  i.,  a  war  tribe. 

guiaCf  rem  mend,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  war- 
worker,  loarrior. 


GLOSSARY. 


101 


guSP-niyrc    (mearc),  e,   2,   f.,    a 

hostile  frontier. 
GuS'myrce,  pi.,  the  Ethiopians. 
guiJJ^reat,  es,  1,  m.,  a  loar-host, 

host. 
guS'weard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  war-guard, 

protector. 
guma,  an,  4,  m.,  a  groom,  man 

(gymaD). 
gunirice,  es,  1,  n.,  «  realm,  high 

Idngdom.     gum,  as  a  prefix,  de- 

uotes  excellence. 
gy(i)ddig(e)an,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  he 

giddy,  dazzled,  troubled. 
gyldan,  geald,  golden  ( 1 ),  to  pay, 

requite,  sacrifice. 
gylden,  adj.,  golden.    G.  gulj>eins. 
gyllan,  ede  (6),  to  roar,  yell,  cry. 
gylpplega,  an,  4,  m.,  a  boastful 

l^lay,  conflict,  battle. 
gyman,  de  {(i),to  regard,  observe, 

protect. 
gyrdwite,  es,  1,  n.,  a  rod  of  pun- 
ishment, a  rod. 
gystsel(e),  es,  1,  m.,  e,  2,  f.,  a 

guest-Jiall. 
gyt,  coDJ.,  ijet. 


H. 

habban,  haefde,  ed(d),  irreg.,  to 
have,  reckon.    G.  liaban. 

h^d,  es,  1,  m.,  form,  condition, 
habit.     (Eng.  liood.) 

haeS",  e,  2,  f.,  a  heath.     G.  liaij?i. 

liaeS'en,  adj.,  heathen,  pagan. 

haeSFen,  es,  1,  m.,  a  pagan,  hea- 
then. 

haeafencyning,  es,  1,  m.,  a  pagan 
king. 

hseS'engyld,  es,  l,\i.,an  idol,  hea- 
tJten  image. 

haeft,  es,  1,  n.,  a  haft,  handle, 
captivity ;  es,  1,  m.,  a  captive. 


baegsteald   (heahsteald),  es,    1, 

m.,  one  of  high  degree,  a  bache- 
lor, leader. 

liaelear,  es,  1,  m.,  a  hero,  man. 

haes,  e,  2,  f.,  «  command,  behest. 
G.  haiti. 

liaeto  (indec),  f.,  heat. 

Iiaetu,  e,  2,  f.,  heat. 

haewen,  adj.,  blue,  azure. 

lial,  adj.,  hale,  safe,  healthy.  G. 
hails. 

ha(e)lig,  adj.,  holy. 

halswurS'ung,  e,  2,  f.,  supplica- 
tion, entreaty. 

ham,  es,  1,  m.,  a  home,  home. 
G.  haims. 

hamsittend,  adj.,  home- sitting , 
abiding. 

hand,  a(e),  3,  f.,  a  hand.  G. 
handus. 

handlelin,  es,  1,  n.,  a  reward,  re- 
compiense. 

handplega,  an,  4,  m.,  hand-play, 
encounter. 

handrGf,  adj.,  famed  of  hccnd, 
famous. 

har,  adj.,  hoary,  gray. 

hAso,  adj.,  livid,  rough. 

htit,  adj.,  hot. 

hat,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  heat. 

hat  =  geliat,  1,  n.,  a  promise. 

ha  tan,  het  (heht),  haten  (5),  to 
command;  pass.,  hatte,  called, 
named. 

hat%vende,  adj.,  heated,  torrid. 

he,  pro.,  he.  Used  also  indefi- 
nitely, they. 

heaiJorinc,  es,  1,  m.,  a  icar-man, 
hero. 

hea^'oAvylm,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  battle- 
wave,  deadly  feud. 

heaf,  es,  1,  m.,  a  wailing,  mourn- 
ing. 

hea(h),  hyrra,  hyhst  (heahst), 
adj.,  high.     G.  haulis. 


102 


GLOSSARY 


lieahcynin<?,  es,  1,  m.,  a  hi(jh 
kin<j,  lord. 

hcahfaHler,  cs,  1,  ni.  (also  indec), 
a  hifjJi  father,  patriarch. 

heahheort,  adj.,  proud,  high- 
minded. 

heahla(o)nd,  cs,  1,  n.,  a  high 
land. 

heiihst :  see  helih. 

heahtreb>v,  e,  2,  f.,  a  high  com- 
X)act,  solemn  league. 

heahj>cgnuug,  e,  2,  f.,  high  ser- 
vice, duty. 

heahj^ungeii,  adj.,  noble,  high- 
born. 

hcaldan,  liebld,  healden  (5),  to 
hold,  observe. 

healf,  e,  2,  f.,  a  half,  side,  part. 
G.  halba. 

heall,  e,  2,  f.,  a  hall,  house. 

heap,  es,  1,  m.,  a  heap,  troop, 
pihalanx. 

heard,  adj.,  hard,  severe,  bold. 
G.  hardus. 

heard e,  adv.,  dearly,  severely. 

hearg,  e,  2,  f.,  an  idol. 

he(a)rh(g),  es,  1,  m.,  an  idol, 
altar,  grove,  heathen  temple. 

hearin,  es,  1,  m.,  harm,  hurt. 

he(a)rra,  an,  4,  m.,  a  lord,  master. 

heaseld,  es,  1,  n.,  a  high  seat, 
throne. 

hebban,  hOf,  hafen  (4),  to  heave, 
raise,  exalt. 

Ilebreos:  see  Ebreos. 

hedan,  de  (G),  to  heed,  regard. 

hehjjcgen,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  chief  ser- 
vant, attendant. 

hell,  e,  2,  f.,  hell,  the  grave.  G. 
liulja. 

helm,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  cover,  helmet, 
chieftain. 

help,  e,  2,  f.,  help,  aid. 

hclpan,  hcalp,  holpeii  (1),  to 
help,  assist.     G.  liilpan. 


helpcnd,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  helper. 
hcofon,  es,   1,   m.,    heofone,   an, 

4,  f.,  heaven.     G.  himius. 

heofon  (irreg.),  e,  2,  f.,  lamenta- 
tion, mourning. 

heofonbeacen,  cs,  1,  n.,  a  heaven- 
ly sign,  beacon. 

hcofonbeorht,  adj.,  heaven-bright, 
glorious. 

Iicofoucandel,  es,  l,ii.,  a  heaven- 
ly light,  the  sun. 

heofoncol,  cs,  1,  n.,  a  heavenly 
coal,  heat  of  the  sun. 

heofoncyniug-,  es,  1,  m.,  heaven's 
King. 

he(o)fonfugo(e)l,  es,  1,  m.,  the 
foivl  of  heaven. 

heofonheah,  adj.,  lofty,  heaven- 
high. 

lieofonrice,  es,  1,  n.,  a  heavenly 
kingdom,  kingdom  of  heaven. 

lieofonsteorra,  an,  4,  m.,  a  star 
(f  heaven. 

heofontungel,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  a  star 
of  heaven,  the  sun. 

heold,  e,  2,  f.,  a  lair,  cave,  hold. 

lieolfer,  es,  1,  n.,  gore,  blood. 

heolsto(c)r,  es,  1,  u.,  a  cavern, 
darkness. 

heonan,  adv.,  hence. 

heorofgeS'in,  es,  1,  m.,  a  icarlike 
grasp,  arms. 

heor(o)t,  es,  1,  in.,  a  hart,  stag. 

heoro^vulf,  cs,  1,  m.,  an  army- 
wolf,  a  warrior. 

heorte,  an,  4,  f.,  the  heart.  G. 
liairto. 

heoriigrlm,  adj.,  sword-cruel, 
savage. 

heran  (hergan),  dc,  ed  (G),  to 
praise,  honor. 

here,  (g)es,  1,  m.,  a;i  aj'my,  a 
host.     G.  liarjis. 

hcrcbleaiS',  adj.,  army-fearful, 
panic-stricken. 


GLOSSARY 


103 


herebjTne,  an,  4,  f.,  a  vmr-trum- 
pet, 

herecist,  e,  2,  f.,  a  choice  host, 
icarlike  hand. 

herefugol,  es,  1,  m.,  a  icar-foicl, 
raven. 

herepaS"  (pseS'),  es,  1,  m.,  u.,  an 
army-path,  military  way. 

herereaf,  es,  1,  ii.,  spoil,  army- 
clothing. 

herestraet,  e,  2,  f.,  an  army-icay, 
a  road. 

heretj'iua,  an,  4,  m.,  leader  of  a 
host,  a  leader. 

herepreat,  es,  1,  m.,  a  com.pany, 
army,  formidable  post. 

herewisa,  an,  4,  m.,  an  army- 
leader,  commander. 

herewOp,  es,  1,  m.,  an  army-cry. 

here-w6sa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  hostile 
band. 

her(g)e,  es,  1,  m.,  an  army,  expe- 
dition (herige). 

heri(ge)an,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  praise, 
laud. 

hete,  es,  1,  m.,  hate,  envy. 

hettan,  te  (6),  to  drive,  pursue. 

hettend,  es,  1,  m.,  a  pursuer,  an 
enemy. 

Hierusaleni,  e,  f.,  Jerusalem. 

hi(y)g'ecraeft,  es,  1,  m.,  e,  2,  f., 
mental  skill,  power  of  thought. 

lii(y)geJ>ancol,  adj.,  mindful, 
thoughtful. 

hiht,  e,  2,  f.,  hope. 

hild,  e,  2.  f.,  a  battle,  war.  Used 
as  a  prefix. 

M(y)ld,  es,  \,n\., protection,  favor. 

hildecalla,  an,  4,  m.,  a  man  of 
war,  a  hero. 

hildespell,  es,  1,  n.,  a  icar-speech, 
harangue. 

hindan,  ^(\.\.,from  behind. 

hleahtorsmid',  es,  1,  ra.,  a  laugh- 
ter-smith, a  laugher. 


hlenca,  an,  4,  rn.,  e,  an,  4,  f.,  a 

chain. 

hleo(^v),  es,  1,  m.,  a  shade.,  pro- 
tection. 

hle'bd'or,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sound,  voice, 
revelation. 

hleb3'orcw^y(i)de,  es,  1,  m.,  a 
revelation,  prophecy. 

hle'ba'rian.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  sound, 
sing,  prophesy. 

hlifian,  ode,  od  (6),  to  raise,  rise, 
tower. 

hlud,  adj.,  loud. 

hlu(t)tor,  adj.,  clear,  bright. 

lily(i)gan,  hlali(g),  liligen  (2),  to 
call  upon,  summon. 

hlyp,  es,  1,  m.,  a  leap,  pimp. 

hlyst,  e,  2,  f.,  a  listening,  hear- 
ing. 

hnigan,  hnah(g),  hnigen  (2),  to 
bow,  boiD  down,  incline. 

liogian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  think, 
study. 

hold,  adj.,  true,  kind,  friendly. 
G.  builds. 

Iiolm,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea,  an  abyss. 

holmeg,  adj.,  wet,  stormy. 

liolniAveall,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-vxtll, 
dike. 

holt,  es,  1,  u.,  a  grove,  \cood. 

hordmaegen,  es,  1 ,  u. ,  «  treasure- 
house. 

hordweard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  treasure- 
ivard,  guardian  of  treasure. 

horn,  es,  1,  m.,  a  horn,  trumpet. 
G.  liaurn. 

horse,  adj.,  icise,  prudent. 

hraS'e,  adv.,  quickly. 

hraefn,  es,  1,  m..  a  raven,  the 
Danish  standard. 

hraegl,  es,  1,  ra.,  clothing,  a  gar- 
ment. 

hraew  (hreaAv),  es,  1,  m.,  a  car- 
cass. 

hream,  es,  1,  m.,  a  din,  noise. 


104 


GLOSSARY. 


hreddan,  de,  cd  (0),  to  rescue, 
deliver. 

hvC^tfy  adj.,  stern,  savage. 

hreiffaii,  dc  (G),  to  excite,  cheer. 

hrotTer,  es,  1,  m.,  the  mind, 
breast. 

hreUergleaw,  adj.,  prudent,  saga- 
cious. 

]irein(in)an,  de,  ed  {(S),to  hinder, 
disquiet. 

hreblimod,  adj.,  fierce,  fierce- 
minded;  es,  1,  n.,  fierceness. 

hrepan  (hrOpan),  lir(e)op,  hre- 
pen  (5),  to  call,  scream. 

hrof,  es,  1,  m.,  a  roof,  top. 

hruse,  an,  4,  f.,  a  rock,  hill. 

hryre,  es,  1,  m.,  ?'MZ?i,  a  falling. 

hu,  adv.,  how.     G.  hwaiwa. 

huiaf,  e,  2,  f.,  pi^ey,  spoil,  booty. 

huslfaet,  es,  1,  u.,  a  vessel  of  sac- 
rifice (housel). 

hwa,  interrog.  pro.,  who;  also 
as  a  relative.     G.  liwas. 

hwae3'(e)re,  coiij.,  yet,  whether. 

hAva?l,  es,  1 ,  m.,  a  ichale. 

(hjwael,  es,  1,  n.,  slaughter. 

hwjel,  es,  1,  m.,  a  wheel,  circuit. 

hwaet,  interj.,  lo  !  behold! 

hwe^op  (wop),  es,  1,  in.,  a  whoop, 
cry. 

hw(y)(v)eorfan,  hwearf,  hwor- 
fen  (1),  to  turn,  change,  pass. 

hwil,  e,  2,  f.,  a  while.,  time. 

hwi(y)Ic,  adj.  pro.,  which,  of 
v^hat  kind.     G.  hwi-leiks. 

hwile,  an,  4,  f.,  a  ichile.,  period. 
G.  hweila. 

h\vTluni(on),  adv.,  once,  some- 
tiuie.,  a  while. 

hwit,  adj.,  white,    G.  hweits. 

hwonne,  adv.,  v^hen. 

h  wo  pan,  hweop,  Iiwepen  {o),t(t 
cry,  call,  threaten, 

hwyrft,  es,  1,  m.,  a  space^  cir- 
cuit. 


hycgan  (hogian),  Ode,  od  (G),  to 
think,  meditate. 

hygc  (hige),  es,  1,  in.,  mind, 
thought,  anxiety. 

hyl(l),  es,  1,  m.,  a  hill,  mountain. 

liyld(o),  e,  2,  f.,  love,  favor. 

liynUu,  e,  2,  f .,  injury,  insult,  dis- 
grace; hynffo,  iudec. 

liyran,  de,  ed  (G),  to  hear,  obey. 

hyrde,  es,  1,  m.,  a  guardian. 

hyse(hyss),  es,  1,  m.,  a  youth, 
male. 


I  (J). 

lacob  (Jacob),  es,  m.,  Jacob. 

ic,  pro.,  /. 

ican :  see  yean. 

in,  prep.,  in,  into. 

inca  for  inccr :  see  J>u,  your,  of 

you.     G.  ig'sjkwar. 
inca,  an,  4,  m.,  doubt. 
inca-J>eod,    e,   2,    f.,  folk-unity, 

union.      Used    adverbially,    in 

union. 
ing  (geong),  adj.,  young. 
in-gefolc,   es,   1,  n.,  j^eopZe,    in- 
habitants. 
ingenien,  adv.,  in  common. 
ingere,  adv.,  formerly. 
inge]>anc,     es,     1,     m.,     inward 

thought,  thought.- 
in-gejje'bd,  e,  2,  f.,  people,  nation. 
inlende,  adj.,  inland,  domestic. 
innan,  prep.,  in,  within. 
Joseph,  es,  m.,  Joseph. 
Isaac,  es,  m.,  Isaac. 
isen    (ircu),   es,  1,  n.,  iron.      G. 

eisarn. 
isernhcr(g)e,    es,    1,    m.,    u.,    an 

iron  host. 
Isra(h)el,  es,  m.,  Israel. 
Judas,  as  (irreg. ),  Judah. 
Judeas,  a,  m.  (pi.),  the  Jeu's. 


GLOSSAEY. 


105 


ludisc    (Judisc),   adj.,    Judaish, 

of  the  tribe  of  Judah. 
iu-gere  (geara),  adv.,  formerly. 


Ij. 


lacan,  lee,  la{e)cen  (5),  to  play ^ 

wave,  sacrifice. 
laS",  adj.,  hateful,  evil,  troublesome. 
laS",  es,  1,  n.,  evil,  harm,  enmity. 
laS'searo,  es,  1,  n.,  a  hateful  de- 
vice, weapon. 
Iit3'si3'  (ladsia"),  es,  1,  m.,  a  dire 

journey. 
laedan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  lead,  guide. 

G.  galeiban. 
Isene,  adj.,/ra«7,  slender. 
leerig,  es,  1,  m.,  a  rim  of  a  shield, 

a  shield. 
Isestan,  te  (6),  to  follow,  observe, 

execute. 
Isetan  (letan),  let,  laeten  (5),  to 

let,  permit. 
lagu,  a,  3,  f.,  imter. 
laguland,  es,  1,  ii.,  water-deluged 

land. 
lagu(o)streaTn,  es,  1,  m.,  a  stream, 

water-stream. 
land,  es,  1,  n.,  land.     G.  land. 
landgesceaft,  e,  2,  f .,  a  creation, 

people. 
landman,  es,  1,  m.,  a  landman, 

native. 
landriht,  es,  1,  n.,  a  land-right, 

common  right. 
laf,  e,  2,  f.,  a  remnant. 
lang,    leng(ra),    adj.,    long.      G. 

laggs. 
lange,  adv.,  long,  a  long  time. 
langsum,  adj.,  lasting,  longsome, 

slov.T. 
langung,  e,  2,  f .,  a  longing,  desire. 
lar,  e,  2,  f,,  lore,  learning,  com- 
mand. 


last,  es,  1,  m.,  a  trace,  footstep. 

lastweard,  es,  1,  m.,  rt  successor ; 
adv.,  toicard  the  last. 

latOJe^ow,   es,   1,   m.,    a    guide, 
leader. 

lelin,  es,  1,  u.,  a  reicard,  price. 

le'as,     adj.,     less,    wanting.      G. 
laus. 

lengian,  de,  ed  (G),  to  prolong, 
slight. 

le^od,  es,  1,  m.,  a  ruler,  prince  of 
the  peo2)le. 

lebd,  e,  2,  f.,  the  people. 

le^odfruma,  an,   4,  in.,  a  patri- 
arch, leader. 

le^odhata,    an,   4,   m.,    a  tyrant, 
hater  of  the  people. 

le'bdmsegen,  es,  1,  n.,  the  people's 
force,  valor. 

le'bdscearu,  e,  2,f,  a  region,  na- 
tion. 

le^odscipe,  es,  1,  m.,  ap)eople,  na- 
tion. 

lebdweard,  es,  1,  m.,  «  guardian 
of  men,  leader. 

le'odw^erc  (weras),  nom.  pL,  the 
people. 

le^odwerod,   es,   1,  n.,  a  host,  a 
nation. 

le^of,  adj.,  dear,  beloved. 

le^ofan,  le'af,  lofen  (3),  to  choose, 
enjoy,  prefer. 

le'ogan,  leali(g),  logen  (3),  to  de- 
ceive, lie,  betray. 

leoht,  es,  1,  n.,  light.     G.  liuliap. 

leoht,  adj.,  light,  clear. 

leolitfruma,  an,  4,  m.,  source  of 
light,  God. 

leoma,  an,  4,  m.,  a  ray,  beam  of 
light. 

leon,  es,  1,  m.,  f.  (irreg.),   (leo, 
on),  a  lion. 

leornlan(igan),  Ode,   od    {6),  to 
learn,  acquire. 

lie,  es,  1,  n..  a  body,  form. 


106 


GLOSSARY. 


lio«jran,  Ifes,  logon  (1),  to  Uo 
dovil  (to  (lie). 

licwund,  0,  2,  f.,  a  body-ivound, 
no  re. 

lif,  es,  ] ,  11.,  life.     G.  libains. 

lifdapg,  es,  1,  in.,  life's  day,  a  life- 
time. 

liffrea,  ao,  4,  m.,  lord  of  life,  a 
master. 

liffruina,  an,  4,  m.,  author  of  life, 
Lord. 

lifi(g)an,  leofOde  (lyfode)  {Q),  to 
live  (lifg(c)an). 

lifigend,  part,  adj.,  living. 

lif(t)-\veg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  life-way, 
icay  of  life. 

lig(g),  es,  1,  u.,  a  flame,  fire. 

lige,  es,  1,  m., 

liget,  es,  1,  u.,  lightening,  aflame, 
fire. 

ITgfyr,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  fire-flame,  fire. 

liud,  e,  2,  f.,  a  shield,  linden. 

linde,  an,  4,  f., 

linnan,  Ian,  lunncn  ( 1 ) ,  to  cease, 
part  from. 

liss,  e,  2,  f.,  grace,  favor. 

lixan,  te  (G),  to  shine,  glitter. 

loce,  es,  1,  m.,  a  lock  of  hair, 
hair. 

looian,  ode,  od  (6),  to  look,  see. 

lOf,  es,  1,  m.,  u.,  jyraise. 

lofian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  laud, 
praise. 

lufe,  an,  4,  f.,  love,  favor.  G. 
lubo. 

lufen,  e,  2,  f.,  love,  desire,  expec- 
tation. 

lufian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  love.,  cher- 
ish. 

lust,  es,  1,  in.,  desire,  delight.  G. 
lustus. 

ly(i)bbau,  lifde  (G),  to  live. 

lyft,  e,  2,  f.,  air,  cloud. 

lyft-edor,  es,  1,  m.,  aerial  dwel- 
lings. 


lyfthelm,  es,  1,  m.,  an  air-cover, 
cloud. 

Ijiftlaeend,  part,  adj.,  sporting  in 
air. 

lyftwundor,  es,  1,  n.,  an  air-won- 
der, miracle. 

ly(i)geword,  es,  1,  u.,  a  false 
word,  falsehood. 

ly(i)gnian,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  deny, 
falsify. 

ly(i)litan,  te  (6),  to  shine,  dawn. 

lyst,  e,  2,  f.,  desire,  love. 

lyt,  es,  1,  n.,  a  little. 

lyt,  adv.,  little.     G.  leitils. 

lyt(e)l,  iium.  adj.,  little. 


M. 

ma.     See  micel.     G.  mais. 
mad  (a")  in,  es,   1,  m.,   treasure,   a 

gift;  vessel. 
ma3'(w)mhord,  es,   1,  n.,  treas- 

ure. 
macg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  son,  youth. 
mseg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kinsman. 
msegburh,  e(ge),  2,  f.,  kinsfolk, 

family. 
ma^gen,  es,  1,  n.,  force,  power. 
maegenscipe,  es,  1,  m.,  supremacy. 
maigenrof,     adj.,     renowned    in 

might,  mighty. 
miegenj>reat,  es,  1,  m.,  «  mighty 

hand,  army. 
miegen]>ryin,   es,    1,   m.,  poicer, 

dignity. 
maegonwisa,  an,  4,  m.,   a  great 

leader,  chieftain. 
ma?gwine,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kinsman, 

friend. 
uuel,  es,  1,  n.,  a  meal,  repast.    G. 

niel. 
mail-mete,  es,  1,  m.,  food,  meal- 
meat. 
m(a)ere,  adj.,  great,  more  (mere). 


GLOSSARY. 


107 


maere-torht,    adj.,    very    bright, 

dehr-shining. 
in£est-rap,  es,  1,  ra.,  a  mast-rope. 
maetan,  te,  od  (6),  to  dream. 
luaete,  adj.  (ra,  ost),  even,  mode- 
rate. 
maeting,  e,  2,  f .,  a  dream,  dream- 
ing. 
maga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  son,  kinsman. 
magan,  ineabte  (mihte)  (irreg.), 

may,  can,  to  be  able. 
magoraeswa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  leader, 

kindred  chief. 
man,  cs,  1,  m.  (irreg.),  man.     G. 

raauDa. 
man,  es,  1,  n.,  sin,  evil. 
man,  adj.,  evil,  sinful. 
manl)ealu(o),  wes,  1,  m.,  a  sin., 

great  evil. 
mancyn,  es,  1,  u.,  manlcind. 
mandream,  es,  1,  m.,  sinful  joy, 

evil. 
mandri(y)hten,  es,  1,  m.,  a  lord, 

master. 
manhus,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  house  of  sin. 
ina(o)nig,     adj.,     many    a     one, 

many.     G.  manags. 
manlica,    an,    4,   ra.,    a    human 

image,  an  image. 
manse (e)a3'a,  an,  4,  m.,  a  wretch, 

sinner,  robber. 
mare :  see  mieel. 
me :  see  ic. 
me'agollice,  adv.,  bravely,  pcwer- 

fully. 
mearc,  e,  2,  f.,   a   border.,   mark 

(myrce).     G.  marka. 
mearchof,  es,  1,  u.,  a  field-house, 

tent. 
mearela(o)nd,  es,  1,  u.,  a  frontier, 

boundary  land. 
mearcj^reat,  es,  1,  m.,  a  frontier 

host,  an  army. 
mea^c^veard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  frontier 

guai'dian,  a  guardian. 


mear(h)g,  es,  1,  m.,  a  horse,  steed. 

mece,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sword,  dagger. 

Medas,  a,  pi.,  the  Medes. 

medugal,  adj.,  merry  with  wine., 
joyous. 

meiiyel,  es,  1,  n.,  a  discourse, 
speech,  council. 

melS'elstede,  es,  1,  m.,  a  place  of 
council,  a  meeting. 

meld,  e,  2,  f.,  evidence,  proof,  in- 
formation. 

meltan,  mealt,  raolten  (1),  to 
melt,  dissolve. 

me(aB)n(i)geo,  2,  f.  (indec),  a 
multitude  (meuio). 

menigu,  e,  2,  f., 

meoring,  e,  2,  f.,  a  danger.,  obs- 
tacle. 

meowle,  an,  4,  f.,  a  maid,  virgin. 

mere,  adj. :  see  masre. 

meredeaS",  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-death, 
death. 

mereflOd,  es,  1,  u.,  a  seaflood,  sea. 

merehwearf,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea- 
shore. 

merestream,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea- 
stream,  sea. 

meretor(r),  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-toioer. 

mersc,  es,  1,  m.,  a  marsh,  fen. 

metan,  maet,  meten  (1),  to  mete, 
measure. 

mete]>egn,  es,  1,  m.,  a  meat-thane, 
servant. 

metian,  6de,  od  (6),  to  mete,  ap- 
point. 

metod,  es,  1,  m.,  a  measurer  (of 
destinj'),  God. 

mi(y)cel,  adv.,  much. 

mid,  prep.,  with.,  among.     G.  mi>. 

mid(d),  adj.,  mid,  middle. 

middangeard,  cs,  1,  m.,  the  mid- 
dle earth,  earth. 

miht,  e,  2,  f.,  might,  power.  In 
pi.,  miracles. 

mihtig,  adj.,  able,  mighty. 


108 


GLOSSARY. 


mihtm6d,  es,  1,  n.^  a  violent  mind, 

spirit. 
mild,     adj.,     mild,     gentle.      G. 

milds. 
niilpad'  (poeU),  cs,  1,  m.,  a  mile 

path.,  course. 
milts,  c,  2,  f.,  2^iiy,  mercy. 
min,  adj.  pro.,  mi?ie. 
minsian,  Ode,  od  (G),  to  lessen, 

destroy. 
mi(y)rc,    es,   1,   n.,    darkness,   a 

diiiifieon. 
Misa(h)el,  m.,  Mishael. 
mismicel,  adj.,  less  great,  smaller, 

fev:er. 
missere,    es,   1,  n.,   a    half-year, 

season. 
mod,  es,  1,  ii.,  mind,  force. 
mOdge)>anc,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  mind, 

thought. 
modgian.   Ode,   od  (G),  to  move 

boldly,  rage. 
mOdhaip,  adj.,  brave,  fortunate. 
modhe'ap,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  brave  host. 
inGdliw'-a(e)t,  adj.,  zealous,  cour- 
ageous. 
mudig,  adj.,  bold,  brave. 
mOdor,  or,  1  (irreg.),  f.,  mother. 
mOdwag,  es,  1,  m.,  a  proud  icave. 
molde,    an,    4,    f.,    dust,    earth, 

ground. 
mOna,  an,  4,  m.,  the  moon. 
mOr,   cs,    1,  m.,    a  moor,   heath, 

mountain. 
morffor,  es,  1,  m.,  murder,  death. 
morgen,  es,  1,  m.,  the  morning, 

morroio.     G.  maurgins. 
mOrheald,  adj.,  heathy,  marshy. 
mutan,     mOstc     (irreg.),     must, 

ought. 
Moyscs,  cs,  m.,  Moses. 
mutShncly  cs,  1,  m.,  a  mouth-omen, 

wise  speech. 
murnan,  mcarn,  inorncn  (1),  to 

iiunirn,  lament. 


my(i)cel,  ma(ma)ra,  maest,  adj., 

much,  many. 

myceles,  adv.,  much. 

mynd(g)ian,  6de,  od  (G),  to  ad- 
vise, remind. 

myrce :  see  mearc. 


N. 

na,  adv.,  not. 

Naboc(h)odonossor,  m.,  Nebu- 
chadnezzar. 

nac(o)ud,  adj.,  naked,  bare. 

naegan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  address,  ap- 
proach. 

naeron  =  ne  wseron,  loere  not. 

naes  =  ne  waes,  was  not. 

nagan,  nahte  (irreg.)  (ne,  ilgan), 
to  lack,  not  to  have. 

na(I)les  (ne,  eal(l)),  adv.,  not  at 
all,  not. 

nania,  an,  4,  m.,  a  name. 

ne,  adv.,  not;  conj.,  nor. 

nea(y)dan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  force, 
urge. 

ne(a)h,  adv.,  adj.,  prep.,  nigh 
(nyra,  nyst  (near,  uelist)). 

neaht :  sec  niht. 

nc'ar,  adv.,  adj. :  see  neah. 

nearwe,  adv.,  closely,  narrov:jly. 

nc'at,  es,  1,  u.,  a  beast,  cattle. 

nemnan,  dc,  ed  {(^),to  name,  call. 

nc'bd  :  see  nj^d.     G.  uaiij?s. 

neosan,  ode,  od  (G),  to  visit,  see, 
explore. 

neowl,  adj.,  low,  deep. 

nep,  cs,  1,  11.,  a  neap-tide, 

ncrc,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  refuge. 

nergcnd,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  preserver, 
Lord. 

ncri(g)an,  ede,  ed  (0),  to  save, 
])reserve. 

uet(t),  es,  1,  11.,  a  net,  canopy.  G. 
uati. 


GLOSSARY. 


109 


nW,  adj.,  dire,  intense. 

nVS,  es,  1,  m.,  a  man,  a  mortal. 

niiaf,  es,  1,  m.,  hate,  envy. 

iii3'er  (nyiS'or),  adv.,  below. 

niS'geJ^afa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  victim, 
stifferer. 

iiiiShete,  es,  1,  m.,  envy,  dire 
hate. 

uiafwracu,  e,  2,  f.,  dire  exile., 
punishment. 

iiied :  see  nyd. 

nigoS'a,  num.  adj.,  ninth. 

iiiht,  e  (es),  2,  f.,  night.   G.  nalits. 

nilit-lang,  adj.,  night-long. 

iiihtscu(w)a,  au,  4,  ra.,  night- 
shade, gloom. 

nihtweard,  es,  1,  m.,  a  night- 
guard. 

nis  =  ne  is,  is  not. 

niwe,  adj.,  new,  young.   G.  niujis. 

no  (ne,  6),  adv.,  not.     G.  iii. 

IVoe,  es,  m.,  Noah. 

nor3'an,  adv.,  from  the  north. 

nor3'Aveg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  north  way. 

nu,  adv.,  noio.    G.  nii. 

nyd,  e,  2,  f.,  need.,  necessity,  force 
(neod). 

nydboda,  an,  4,  m.,  an  involun- 
tary messenger. 

nyde,  adv.,  necessarily. 

nydfara,  an,  4,  m.,  a  fugitive, 
exile. 

nydgenga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  forced 
V'anderer,  exile. 

nyllan  =  ne  will  an,  nolde 
(irreg.),  to  he  unwilling. 

nymSe  (nemafe),  conj.,  except, 
unless. 


O. 

6,  adv.,  amjwhere,  everywhere. 
SST,  adv.,  until. 
offSe,  couj.,  or. 


oiS'er,  num.  adj.,  another,  second. 

G.  an)?ar. 
03'faestan,  te,  ed  (6),  to  fasten,  to 

fasten  upon. 
Oaffaran,   for,    faren    (4),    to   go 

over,  pass  through. 
Oaflaedan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  lead  out, 

save,  deliver. 
oiS'standan,  stOd,  standen  (4),  to 

perplex,  hinder,  stay. 
o9'J?aet,  adv.,  until  that. 
OlJ^icgan,    ]>eali,    J|?igen    (1),   to 

icithdra  w. 
Od'Jjringan,  J>rang,  J^rungen  (1), 

to  press,  force,  force  aivay. 
of,  prep.,  o/,/rom. 
of(e)n,  es,  1,  m.,  an  oven,  a  fur- 
nace.    G.  auhns. 
ofer,  prep.,  over,  above. 
oferbraeddan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  cover, 

overspread. 
ofercliman,  clain(b),  clum(b)en. 

(1),  to  overcome,  oppress. 
ofercuman,  com,  cumen  (1),  to 

conquer.,  overcome. 
oferfge3'ni(i)an,  de,  ed  (6),  to  en- 
compass, spread  over. 
oferfaran,  f6r,  faren  (4),  to  go 

over,  pass  through,  overcome. 
ofergangan,  gengde  (6),  irreg., 

to  go  beyond,  overcom.e 
oferhogian   (Iiycgan),   ode,    od 

(6),  to  despise,  contemn. 
oferholt,  es,  1,  u.,  a  shield. 
oferhy(g)d,  es,  1,  Vi\.,  pride,  high- 

mindedness. 
oferliiaean,  laS",  liden  (2),  to  sail 

over,  navigate. 
oferinedla,  an,  4,  m.,  pride,  over- 
measure. 
oferteldan,  teald,  tolden  (1),  to 

cover,  to  throw  a  tent  over. 
Of(e)st,  e,  2,  f.,  haste,  sp>eed ;  es, 

1,  m.,  u.,  the  quickest. 
Cfstum,  adv.,  rapidly,  forthwith. 


110 


GLOSSARY. 


oft,  adv.,  oft,  often.    G.  ufta. 

Olit,  e,  2,  f .,  fear,  persecution. 

oht-iiiod,  e,  2,  f.,  tribulation. 

on,  jirep.,  on,  upon,  in. 

oubriuiian,  bran,  brunnen  (1), 
to  fire,  kindle. 

onbugan,  beah,  bogen  (3),  to  in- 
vade, overidielm. 

onbyrnau,  barn,  burnen  (1),  to 
kindle^  inflame. 

onc^ve(5'an,  cwselS',  cweden  (1), 
to  say,  speak,  declare. 

oncjTnan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  turn, 
turn  back. 

ondraidan,  dred,  dreden  (5),  to 
fear,  dread. 

onegan,  de  (6),  to  fear. 

onettan,  te  (6),  to  hasten. 

onfindan,  fand,  fnnden  (1),  to 
find,  discover. 

onfon,  feng,  fangcn  (5),  to  re- 
ceive., contain. 

ongean,  prep.,  adv.,  against,  again. 

onginnan,  gan,  guunen  (1),  to 
begin. 

ongitan,  geat,  giten  {l),to  know, 
p)erceive. 

onhaetan,  te,  ed  (6),  to  heat, 
kindle. 

onhiegan,  hogode,  od  (G),  to  re- 
flect, consider. 

onhnigan,  hnah,  hnigen  (2),  to 
bow,  loorship. 

onhreran,  dc,  ed  (G),  to  move, 
rouse. 

onh\v(y)oorfan,  h%vearf,  hworf- 
en  (1),  to  turn,  change. 

onlang,  adj.,  long,  continual. 

o'.ilihan,  lah,  ligen  (2),  to  grant, 
bestow. 

onlihtan,  te  (G),  to  enlighten. 

onlucan,  leae,  locen  (3),  to  7in- 
lock,  loosen. 

onnia'ldan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  an- 
nounce, iitform. 


onriht,  adj.,  .;?<.<??,  true. 

onsacan,  sOc,  sacen  (4),  to  re- 
fuse, deny. 

onsailan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  unbind. 

onseon,  seali,  se^ven  (1),  to  see, 
to  look  upon. 

onslupan,  sleap,  slopen  (3),  to 
glide  on. 

onstellan,  stealde,  steald  (G),  to 
appoint,  establish. 

onsAvellan,  swal,  s^vol(l)en  (1), 
to  swell.     O.  E.  sweal. 

ontre'bwan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  trust, 
confide  in. 

onjje'bn,  )>eah,  ]>ogen  (3),  to  en- 
gage, 2i7idertake. 

onwacan,  -ivOc,  Avacen  (4),  to 
avKike,  arise. 

on-\vist,  e,  2,  f.,  a  station, 
abode. 

open,  adj.,  opeji. 

or,  es,  1,  n.,  a  beginning ,  van  (of 
an  army). 

ord,  es,  1,  m.,  a  beginning,  au- 
thor. 

ordfriima,  an,  4,  m.,  a  chief,  head, 
author. 

orffancum,  adv.,  skilfully. 

orettan,  te  (G),  to  contend  for,  to 
fight. 

orla(e)g,  es,  1,  ii.,  death,  fate. 

orlege,  es,  1,  m.,  icar,  strife. 

orloge,  adj., /aiaZ,  hostile. 

ortrywe  (tre'bwe),  adj.,  distrust- 
ful, despondent. 

orwen,  adj.,  hopeless.     M.  253. 

otor,  adv.,  over,  beyond,  beside. 

owiht,  e,  2,  f.,  naught. 


P. 

paS"  (paiiy),  es,  1,  m.,  a  path. 
Pers(e)as,  a  (pi.),  the  Persians. 


GLOSSARY. 


Ill 


R. 

Tsedf  es,  1,  m.,  counsel^  opinion, 
advantage. 

raedan,  de,  ed  (fi),  to  read,  rule, 
interpret. 

rsedfsest,  adj.,  firm  in  counsel, 
steadfast. 

raedleas,  adj.,  rash,  headstrong. 

raeran,  de,  ed  (G),  to  rear,  raise. 

rses,  es,  1,  m.,  a  rush,  course. 

rsest,  e,  2,  f.,  rest,  sleep  (no  pi.). 

^aes^va,  an,  4,  m.,  a  chief,  leader. 

rand,  es,  1,  m.,  a  border,  shield. 

randburh,  ge,  2,  f.  (irreg.),  a 
shield-wall,  a  defence. 

randgebeorh(g),  es,  1,  m.,  a  pro- 
tecting shield. 

randwiga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  shielded 
warrior,  a  warrior. 

randwiggend,  es,  1,  m.,  a  shield- 
bearer,  warrior. 

read  (reod),  adj.,  red.    G.  rauds. 

reaf,  es,  1,  n.,  clothing,  spoil. 

recan,  rohte,  geroht  (6),  to  care, 
reck. 

recean,  re(a)hte,  gere(a)ht  (G), 
to  recount,  relate. 

re(c)can,  rsec,  recen  (1),  to  ride. 

reccend,  part,  adj.,  riding. 

reced,  es,  1,  n.,  a  house,  temple, 
palace. 

reSfe,  adv.,  cruelly,  evilly;  adj., 
cruel,  fierce. 

reS'einod  (hreiS'e),  adj.,  fierce- 
minded,  fierce. 

reg(e)n,  es,  1,  m.,  rain,  a  storm. 

regnjje'bf,  es,  1,  m.,  a  great  spoil- 
er, thief;  regn  is  a  frequent 
prefix. 

re'bfan,  re'af,  rofen  (3),  to  de- 
prive, break. 

reord,  e,  2,  f .,  speech,  food,  a  loord. 

reordberend,  es,  1,  m.,  speech 
{food)-bearing  ;  a  prince,  man. 


reordi(g)ean,  Ode,  od  (G),  to  ha- 
rangue, speak. 

rest  (raest),  e,  2,  /.,  rest,  sleep,  a 
couch.     G.  rasta. 

restan,  te,  ed  (G),  to  rest,  remain. 

rice,  adj.,  rich,  powerful. 

rice,  es,  1,  n.,  a  kingdom,  reign. 

riht,  adj.,  right,  straight.  G. 
raihts. 

riht,  es,  1,  n.,  a  law,  right.  G. 
garaihtei. 

rim,  es,  1,  m.,  «  count,  number. 

rincgetael,  e,  2,  f .,  a  martial  num- 
ber, host. 

rodo(e)r,  es,  1,  m.,  the  firma- 
inent. 

rodorbeorht,  adj.,  heavenly- 
bright,  clear. 

r6f,  ^(\].,  famous,  renowned. 

Ruben,  es,  m.,  Beuben. 

rum(e),  adj.,  broad,  wide.  G. 
rums. 

rume,  adv.,  broadly,  vjidely. 

run,  e,  2,  f.,  a  mystery,  letter.  G. 
run  a. 

runcraeftig,  adj.,  skilled  in  mys- 
tery, wise. 

ry-man,  de  (G),  to  enlarge,  make 
room. 

ryne,  es,  1,  m.,  a  course,  race.  G. 
runs. 


S. 


sae,  es,  1,  m.,  f.  (irreg.),  a  sea. 
M.  100. 

saebearg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-moun- 
tain, sea. 

S8eci(y)r,  es,  1,  m.,  ebb  of  the  sea, 
a  turning. 

saed,  es,  1,  u.,  f.,  seed,  sowing.  G. 
seds. 

saefaesten,  es,  1,  n.,  ci  sea-fastness, 
bulwark. 


112 


GLOSSAPvY. 


sap-farosy,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-wave., 

irare. 
sapgnind,  es,  1,  m.,  the  sea-ground, 

depth. 
ssel,  es,   1.  in.,  e,  2,  f.,  fortune, 

oppurtujiitij. 
Scelaf,  e,  2,  f.,  the  spoil  of  the  sea. 
steld  (sealt),  adj.,  salt. 
sa?leocla  (lida),  an,  4,  m.,  a  sea- 
man, sailor. 
saBinan,  es,  1,  m.,  a  seaman. 
saestreaiii,  es,  1,  m.,  sea,  ocean. 
saeAvaeg,    es,    1,   in.,   a   sea-way, 

sea. 
sae-waroiy,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-shore, 

shore. 
sa5-\veall,   es,    1,  m.,   a   sea-wall, 

ramptart. 
ssewicing,  es,  1,  m.,  a  sea-dweller, 

pirate,  vikimj. 
Salem,  f.,  Salem. 
Salomon,  os,  ra.,  Solomon. 
samnian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  collect, 

assemble. 
sang(o),  es,  1,  m.,  a  song  (song). 

G.  saggws. 
sand,  es,  1,  n.,  sand,  earth,  shore. 
stiwl,  c,  2,  f.,  soul,  life  (sawol). 

G.  saiwala. 
seacan,    scebc,    scacen    (o),    to 

shake,  stir. 
sceado(^v),  e,  2,  f.,  (w)es,  1,  m., 

a  shadow,  shade. 
scealjan,  sc(e)Od,  sceaSfen  (4),  to 

injure,  scathe. 
seeaft,  es,  1,  m.,  a  shaft,  spear. 
sceale,  es,  1,  m.,  a  servant,  soldier. 
sceat,  es,  1,  m.,  a  shore,  region. 
sceon,  ode  (scyde)  (G),  to  fall  to, 

to  happen. 
sce'btend,   es,    1,    m.,   a    shooter, 

urrhrr. 
8ei{y)ld,  e,  2,  f.,  a  debt,  sin. 
scildan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  shield,  pro- 
tect. 


scildhrcotya,  an,  4,  m.,  a  shield, 

buckler. 
scima,  an,  4,  m.,  shining,  a  glim- 
mer. 
scinan,    sc(c)an,   scinen    (2),  to 

shine,  gleam. 
scip,  es,  1,  11.,  a  ship.     G.  skip. 
sci(y)ppend,  es,  1,  m.,  a  creator, 

God. 
scir,    adj.,     bright,    clear    (Eng. 

sheer).     G.  skeirs. 
scraef,  es,  1,  n.,  a  den,  cave. 
scriiafan,  seraS',   scri3'(d)en   (2), 

to  go,  icander,  penetrate. 
scufan,    sceaf,     scofen    (3),    to 

shove  forth,  push  away. 
scur,  es,  1,  m.,  a  shower,  storm. 

G.  skura. 
scj^ld,  es,  1,  m.,  a  shield. 
scyllan       (sculan),      sc(e)olde, 

(irreg.),  shall,  to  be  obliged. 
seyrian,  ede,  ed   (6),  to   divide, 

allot. 
se  (seo,  }>8et),  ast,  pro.,  the,  he, 

icho  ;  sej>e,  he  who. 
sealt,  adj.,  salt.     G.  salt. 
searo-(w)es,    1,    n.,    equipment, 

u'eapons. 
secan,  sohte,  gesoht  (G),  to  seek, 

search. 
secgan,  saegde  (saede),  gesaegd 

(G),  to  say,  tell. 
sefa,  an,  4,  m.,  mind. 
segel,  es,  1,  ni.,  n.,  a  sail. 
segen,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  a  sign,  stan- 
dard. 
seglrod,  e,  2,  f. ,  «  sail-cross. 
segne,  e,  2,  f.,  a  net. 
sel,  ra(la),  est,  adj.,  good,  happty. 
seld    (seald),   es,    1,   n.,   a  tent, 

throne,  jialace. 
scledream,  es,  1,  m.,  hall-joy,  joy. 
sellic,  adj.,  strange,  icorthy  (syllic). 
sendan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  send,  send 

forth.    G.  saudjau. 


GLOSSARY. 


Sennar,  o,  f.,  Shinai'. 

Sennare,  a,  r)l.,  people  of  Shinar. 

seofon,.  num.    adj.,     seven.      G. 

sibun. 
seolfer,  es,  1,  n.,  silver.   G.  silubr. 
seomian,  Ode,  od  (6),  to  oppress., 

harass. 
Seon,  es,  m.,  Sion. 
setlrad,  e,  2,  f.,  a  setting  (of  the 

sun). 
settend,  es,  1,  rn.,  a  disjjoser. 
sew(i)an,  te  (6),  to  shoiv,  teach. 
sibgedriht,   e,   2,   f.,   a    kindred 

host. 
sibgemaeg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  kinsman. 
sid,  adj.,  vast,  broad. 
siiS",  re,  est,  adj.,  late. 
SI'S,  or,  Gst,  adv.,  late  (sup.,  ast, 

est,  mest), 
819",  es,  1,  m.,  a  journey,  lot,  time, 

occasion. 
siS'boda,    an,    4,   m.,    a    herald, 

messenger. 
siiafijan,  adv.,  prep.,   after,  then, 

since,  after  that. 
siS'faet,   es,    1,  m.,  n.,    a  course, 

journey. 
sii^fian,  ode,  od  (6),  to  journey, 

proceed. 
si(y)(e)ndoii:  see  wesan. 
sige,  es,  1,  m.,  victory. 
sigebyme,  an,  4,  f.,  a  trump  of 

triumph. 
sigecyning,  es,  1,  m.,  a  king  of 

victory,  a  victor. 
Sigelware(as),     a,     m.    pi.,    the 

Ethiopians. 
sigerice,   es,   1,  n.,    a  conquered 

realm. 
sigerice,  adj.,  rich  in  victory. 
sigetiber,  es,  1,  n.,  a  sacrifice  of 

triumph. 
sigor,  es,  1,  m.,  victory. 
sigorweorc,  es,  1,  n.,  a  icork  of 

victory,  triumph. 


Simeon,  cs,  m., 
sin,  pes.  adj.,  his\ 
sine,  es,  1,  n.,  tree 
sine (e) aid,    adj.,    ^ 

cold. 
singan,  sang,  sungen 
Sion,  e,  f.,  Sion. 
sittan,  saet,  seten  (1),  to  sit. 
slaep,  es,  1,  m.,  sleej).     G.  sleps. 
slean,    sloh(g),    slsegen    (4),    to 

stinke.  slay,  cast. 
slupan,  sleap,  slopen  {S),to  glide, 

slip. 
snaw,  es,  1,  m.,  snow.    G.  snaiws. 
snell,  adj.,  quick.  . 
snelle,  adv.,  quickly. 
sno(t)tor,  adj.,  ivise,  skilful, p>ru- 

dent. 
snyttro,  2,  f.  (indec),  skill,  sagac- 
ity. 
sSiaf,  adj.,  true,  just. 
s6fS,  es,  1,  n.,  tmtth.     Also  used 

adverbially. 
sSafcwide,  es,  1,  m.,  a  true  saying, 

utterance. 
soOTaest,  adj.,  true,  faithful. 
sSSf^viindor,    es,    1,    n.,    a    true 

ivonder,  great  laonder. 
sonini(ge)an,    ode,    od    (G),    to 

gather,  assemble. 
sonio(u)d,  adv.,  together. 
sona,  adv.,  soon.     G.  suns. 
sorh(g),  es,  1,  n.,  e,  2,  f.,  care, 

sorrow. 
spannan,  spen,  spannen  (5),  to 

span,  draw. 
sped,  e,  2,  f.,  speed,  success. 
spel,  es,   1,  n.,   a  word,  message. 

G.  Avaurd. 
spelboda,   an,   4,    m.,    a  herald, 

messenger. 
spe(l)lian.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  speak, 

act  for  another. 
spildsisy,  es,  1,  m.,   a  dangerous 

journey. 


114 


GLOSSARY. 


spillan,  (le,  cd  (r>),   to  spoil,  de- 

stroif. 
spiwan,    spaw,    spiwen    (2),    to 

"pel'',  foam,  reject. 
spor,  OS,  1,  n.,  a  trace,  track. 
spoAvan,  speoAA',  spoweii  (5),  to 

thrive,  prosper. 
spraec,  o,  2,  f.,  speech,  discourse. 
spreean,  spraec,  spreceii  (1),  to 

speak,  say. 
staljol,  OS,  1,  m.,  a  place,  station. 
sticiSr,  es,  1,  n.,  a  shore,  hank. 
staefn :    see  stefn. 
stau,  es,  1,  m.,  a  stone,  rock.     G. 

stains. 
standan,   st6d,  standen    (4),   to 

stand. 
starian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  gaze,  stare. 
steap,  adj.,  steep. 
stefen,    e,  2,  f.,   a  voice,  sound, 

message. 
steorra,  an,  4,  m.,  a  star. 
stepen,  te,  ed  (G),  ^o  exhalt,  dignify. 
stigan,  stah,  stigen  (2),  to  rise, 

ascend,  advance. 
stille,  adj.,  adv.,  still,  quietly. 
storm,  es,  1,  m.,  a  storm,  tempest. 
strtet,   c,    2,    f.,   a    street,  road, 

course. 
stre'am,  es,  1,  m.,  a  stream,  river. 
strudan,  strelid,  strodeii  (3),  to 

despoil,  destroy. 
styran,  do  (6),  to  hold,  7'estrain. 
styrian,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  stir,  move. 
siil^a,  an,  4,  in.,  the  south. 
sulS'an,  adv.,  from  the  south. 
sfiffweg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  south  way, 

southerly. 
sulSwind,  cs,  1,  m.,  Me  south  imnd. 
sum,   adj.   pro.,  some,  a  certain 

one.     G.  sums.     Also  a  suffix. 
8umo(c)r,  es,  1,  m.  (irreg.),  sum- 
mer. 
sund,  es,  1,  in.,  ii.,  a  sea,  sound. 
sunder,  adv.,  apart,  separately. 


sundorgifu,  o,  2,  f.,  a  .special  gift, 

endowment. 
sunne,  an,  4,  f.,  u,  e,  2,  f.;  the 

sun.     G.  sunna(o). 
sunu,  a,  3,  ra.,  a  son.     G.  sunus. 
susl,  cs,  1,  n.,  sulphur,  torment. 
swa,  adv.,  so,  thus. 
swapan,  s^ve'bp,  s\vapen  (5),  to 

sweep  (awa}'). 
swaes,  adj.,  sweet,  dear. 
swefan,    swaef,    swefen    (1),    to 

sleep,  fall  asleep. 
swefen,  es,  1,  n.,  a  dream. 
s>vefnian,  ede,  ed  (G),  io  dream. 
sweg,    es,    1,   m.,  a  sound,  heat 

(crackliug  of  lire). 
sweltan,  swealt,  swolten  (1),  to 

die, perish  (swelter). 
s^veord,  es,  1,  u.,  «  sword. 
sweordwigend,     es,     1,     m.,    a 

sword-wielder,  warrior. 
swe'ot,  es,  1,  m.,  a  hand,  crowd. 
s^verian    (s^wor),    ede,    s^vo^eu 

(4),  (G),  to  swear,  affirm  on  oath. 
swVSy  ra,  Cst,  adj.,  strong, 
swiiafe,  adv.,  eagerly,  strongly. 
swiiJmOd,    adj.,    strong-minded^ 

arrogant. 
SAviiS'rian,  ode,  od   (G),  to  grow 

strong,  prevail. 
swigian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  he  silent, 

cease. 
s\^'i(y)le,  adj.  pro.,  such,  such  as. 
s'\vi(y)lce,  adv.,  such  that,  so. 
swipian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  shake. 
s^vor  (sar),  adj.,  soi'e. 
swutol,  adj.,  clear,  manifest. 
sylf  (self,  seolf),  adj.,  same,  self- 
same.    Used  with  prououns  in 

same  case  and  gender. 
sy(e)llan,   sealde,   seald   (G),   to 

sell,  give. 
synib(e)l,  es,  1,  n.,  a  meal,  feast. 
syn(n),  e,  2,  f.,  sin. 
synfull,  adj.,  sinful. 


GLOSSARY. 


115 


T. 


tac(c)n,  es,  1,  n.,  a  sign,  token. 
G.  taikiis. 

tfecan,  lite,  lit  (6),  to  sJww,  teach. 

tan,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  twig,  shoot. 

telga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  branch,  hough. 

tenipel,  es,  1,  n.,  a  temple. 

teoMan  (te'bn).  Ode,  od  (G),  to 
decree,  ajyjwint. 

teonful,  adj.,  malignant,  reproach- 
ful. 

teon-Iiete,  es,  1,  m.,  dire  hate. 

teso  (teosu),  e,  2,  f.,  affliction, 
destruction. 

tid,  e,  2,  f.,  time,  tide,  season. 

ti(y)r,  es,  1,  m.,  glory,  splendor. 

tir-eadig,  adj.,  greatly  blessed,  re- 
nowned. 

tir-fgest,  adj.,  very  firm.,  glorious. 

to,  prep.,  to ^  for. 

tOdrifan,  draf,  drifen  (2),  to 
scatter,  drive  asunder. 

tOdwsescan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  sup- 
press, extinguish. 

tOhweorfan,  hwearf,  liworfen 
(1),  to  scatter,  depart. 

torht,  adj.,  clear,  bright. 

tOsomne,  adv. ,  together. 

tOsciifan,  scelif,  sciifen  (3),  to 
separate,  scatter. 

tOswapan,  sweop,  swapeu  (5), 
to  siceep,  cast  away. 

toswendan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  dash 
aside,  shake  off. 

t5%vrecan,  wrsec,  wreeen  (1),  to 
ba^iish,  exile. 

trcdan,  traed,  treden  {l),to  tread, 
2')ass  over. 

treddian.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  step, 
tread. 

tre^ow^,  es,  1,  n.,  a  tree.     G.  triu. 

tre'bw,  e,  2,  f.,  faith,  trust. 

tre^o-we,  an,  4,  f.,  a  covenant, 
promise. 


trum,  adj.,^nn,  strong. 
trymian,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  prep>are, 

strengthen. 
tuddor-tebnde,    adj.,  producing 

offspring. 
tungel,  es,  1,  u.,  a  star,  planet. 
twa,  num.  adj.,  two.     G.  twai. 
twelf,     uum.     adj.,     twelve.      G. 

t^Yalif. 
tweoii,  adj.,  between  (betwe'bn). 
tAvig-,  es,  1,  u.,  a  twig,  branch. 
tyn-liund,  es,  1,  ii.,  ten  hundred. 

M.  U2. 


TH. 

]>a,  adv.,  then  (]>a  .  .  .  ]>a,  then  .  .  . 

lohen). 
>8er,   adv.,    there    (>ser  .  .  .  J>£Br, 

there  .  .  .  ichere). 
}>ses,  adv.,  thus,  ichereby  (>a}s  ]?e, 

because  that). 
J>get :  see  se. 

]>8et,  conj.,  that,  so  that.     G.  lata. 
]>aette,  conj.,  that,  so  that. 
l>afi(g)an.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  alloio, 

obey. 
l>ane,  es,  1,  m.,  thanks,  favor. 
>ancian.  Ode,  od  (6),  to  thank. 
>e,  art.  (indcc),  the,  who.    Used 

in  all  cases. 
]?e(a)li,   adv.,   conj.,   ijet,  though, 

hoicever.     G.  >auh. 
^emv,  es,  1,  m.,  a  habit.    In  pi., 

morals. 
}?eccan,  ]?ealite,  gejjealit  (6),  to 

cover,  conceal. 
)?eg(e)n,  es,  l,n\.,  a  thane,  servant. 
J>egu,  e,  2,  f.,  service. 
]>enden,  adv.,  while. 
|»engel,  es,  1,  m.,  a  king,  prince. 
>eod,  e,  2,  i.,  people,  nation  (>eo- 

dan). 
Jje'bd(e)n,  es,  1,  m.,  a  prince,  lord. 


IIG 


GLOSSAEY 


)>eodon-hold,  adj.,  loyal,  faithful 

to  (iod. 
J>oodnia*gon,  cs,  1,  ii.,  the  power 

of  the  people,  a  great  power. 
J>codscipe,  es,  1,  m.,  pteople,  law 

of  the  nation. 
J^eo-nj'd    (}»eoAv-ned),   e,    2,   f., 

sen'itude,  penal  sriffering. 
J>ebstru,  e,  2,  f.,  darkness;  (J>eos- 

tor,  indcc). 
J>es,  dem.  pro.,  this. 
J>i(y)der,  adv.,  thither. 
}»in,  pos.  pro.,  thine.     G.  J?eins. 
J^incan,   )>uhte  (irreg.),  to  seem, 

appear.  Used  impersoually  [me- 

tliinks). 
>ing(i)an,  ode,  od  (G),  to  speak, 

2nay,  intercede. 
}>olian,  ode,  od  (0),  to  suffer,  en- 
dure. 
J»oii,  adv.,  then. 
J>onne,    adv.,    then;    ()>onne  .  .  . 

}>onne,  then  .  .  .  when). 
J>on(ne),  conj.,  than. 
J>racu,  e,  2,  i.,  force,  boldness. 
)>raee^vig,  es,  1,  m.,  a  bold  fight, 

battle. 
]>rag(h),  e,  2,  f.,  a  time,  space. 
)?re'ii(g),  ehy   m.,  f.,  ii.,  suffering, 

calamity. 
J^re'amed    (nyd),   e,   2,  f.,  penal 

suffering,  torment. 
>rc'b(y),    num.    adj.,    three.      G. 

jTcis. 
]?ridda,  num.  adj.,  third. 
]?ro>vi(g)eaii,  Ode,  od  {^)),to  suf- 

fcr,  endure. 
JjryO",  o,  2,  f.,  strength,  a  multitude 
}7ryn»fiest,  adj.,  J^old,  majestic. 
}>r5nilioe,  adv.,  boldly,  braiiely. 
J>ryin(in),  cs,  1,  m., power,  great- 
ness. 
J>rysinian,  ode  (cde),  od   ((»).  to 

annoy,  disquiet. 
)>r5'(i)st,  adj.,  hold,  daring. 


J>ufc,  es,  1,  m.,  a  branch,  standard. 
\nxn\ixn      (Jjunerian),     ede,     ed 

(()),  to  thunder,  resound. 

}>urh,  prop.,  through. 

}?urfan,  )?orftc  (irrcg.),  to  need. 

J?urstig,  adj.,  thirsty. 

)?urhgledcin,  do,  cd  (G),  to  heat 
through. 

J>iirh\vadan,  AvOd,  waden  (4),  to 
penetrate,  pass  through. 

J>usendina?l,  e,  2,  f ,  a  division  by 
thousands. 

]>usendinaelum,  adv.,  by  thou- 
sands. 

J?y :  sec  se. 

]?jl8es,  conj.,  lest  that. 


U. 

Mfan,  adv.,  prep.,  above,  from 
above. 

uhttid,  e,  2,  f.,  before  dawn. 

unbli3'(e),  adj.,  sad,  joyless ;  adv., 
sadly. 

unceapunga,  adx.,  freely,  tcithout 
price. 

uncu9',  adj.,  unknown  (uncouth). 

under,  prep.,  binder,  beneath.  G. 
undar. 

unforbfcrned,  part,  adj.,  unburn- 
ed,  unhurt. 

unforht,  ad j ., /e«rZess. 

iiiigelic,  adj.,  unlike. 

ungeseead,  adv.,  vastly,  hugely; 
adj.,  vast. 

ungriind,  adj.,  t'ast,  boundless. 

unhleow,  adj.,  unslieltering. 

iinhold,  adj.,  unkind,  untrue. 

unlytel,  adj.,  great. 

unrjpd,  es,  1,  m.,  evil  counsel,  un- 
wisdom. 

uiiriht,  es,  l,n.,  wrong,  injustice. 

iiliritdoin,  es,  1,  m.,  icrong,  un- 
righteousness. 


GLOSSARY. 


117 


unrim,  es,  1,  m.,  unrima,  an,  4, 

m.,  a  countless  number. 

unscynd,  adj.,  unstained,  lionor- 
able. 

unswiciend,  adj.,  unfailing,  un- 
ceasing. 

unwaclice,  adv.,  boldly,  strongly. 

uuweaxen,  adj.,  yoking,  ungrown. 

up,  prep.,  up,  on. 

iipeyme,  es,  1,  m.,  source,  rising. 

uplang,  adj.,  erect. 

uppe,  adv.,  above. 

up-ridan,  rad,  riden  (2),  to  ride 
up,  aloft. 

uprodor  (er),  es,  1,  m.,  the  firma- 
ment, heaven. 

user  (ure),  pos.  pro.,  our.  G. 
unsar. 

usic :  see  ic. 

fit,  adv.,  oitt. 

utan,  adv.,  prep.,  about,  around, 
(3'mbutaii,  round  about). 


V  (W). 

w^adan,  w6d,  w^aden   (waeden) 

(4),  to  wade,  to  go  through. 
wai^ema,  an,  4,  m.,  a  wave-stream, 

wave. 
waijian,  ede,  ed  (6),  to  drive. 
wa3'(u),  e,  2,  f.,  a  v:ay,  a  course. 

G.  wigs. 
AV8ec(c)ian,  ode,  od  (6),  to  vjo.tch. 
waed,  e,  2,  f.   (waede,  es,  1,  n.), 

clothing,  a  garment. 
waefer,  adj.,  changing,  surround- 
ing. 
wseg,  es,  1,  m.,  a  wave. 
wsegfaru,  e,   2,  f.,  a   wave-road, 

sea. 
wsegstream,  es,    1,  m.,  a  icave- 

stream,  wave. 
■waelben,  ne,  2,  f.,  a  battle-wound, 

corpse. 


^v8elce'asega,  an,  4,  m.,  a  slaughter- 
chooser,  raven. 

W8elfse3'm,  es,  1,  m.,  embrace  of 
death,  fatal  grasp. 

waelgryre,  es,  1,  in.,  battle-terror, 
deadly  horror. 

wsellilence,  an,  4,  f.,  a  slaughter- 
chain,  armor. 

wEelhre'bw,     adj.,    fierce,    blood- 
thirsty. 

wselmist,  es,  I,  m.,  slaughter-mist, 
smoke  of  battle. 

waelnett,   es,    1,  u.,  a  fatal  net, 
battle-net. 

wselnid",   es,    1,  u.,  cruelty,  fatal 
hate. 

waelsliht,  e,  2,  f .,  slaughter,  great 
slaughter. 

waep(e)n,  es,  1,  u.,  a  weajoon. 

Avaepued-cyn,  es,  1,  n.,  a  weapon- 
bearer,  man,  male. 

waer,  e,  2,  f.   (waere,  an,  4,  f.),  a 
compact,  covenant. 

Avserfaest,  ad^.,  faithful,  covenant- 
keeping. 

wsergenga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  wanderer. 

waestm,   es,    1,   m.,  f.,  n.,  fruit- 
grov'th,  result. 

waeter,     es,     1,     u.,    ivater.      G. 
"svato. 

waeterscipe,  es,  1,  m.,  a  body  of 
ivater,  sea. 

waeter  spring  (sprync),  es,  1,  m., 
a  water-spring,  spring. 

wafian,  ede,  ed  {(S),to  see,  to  be 
amazed. 

wah(g),  es,  1,  m.,  a  wall. 

waldend,  es,  1,  m.,  a  ruler,  lord, 
the  Lord. 

wandian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  fear,  to 
be  amazed. 

wea,  an,  4,  m.,  woe. 

Avea,  adj.,  woefiil,  desolate. 

wealdan,  ^ve'bld,   wealden   (5), 
to  ride,  govern. 


118 


GLOSSARY. 


wealhstOd,  os,  \,m.,an  interjire- 

ter,  translator. 
w^'call,  cs,  1,  m.,  a  wall,  rampart*. 
•\veal(l)fa'sten,  es,   1,  n.,  aram- 

part. 
wcallaii,   weol(lj,   -wcallen   (5), 

to  icell,  gush  up. 
wean,  es,  1,  m.,  ruin,  misery. 
%veai'd,  es,  1  ,in.,  a  guard,  guardian. 
Aveardian,  ode,  od  (G),  to  guard, 

2)rotect. 
•wearmlic,  adj.,  ifarm. 
■\veecaii,   hte,   lit  (G),  to  arouse, 

bring  forth  (wecgan). 
wedaii,  de  (G),  to  rage,  rave. 
weder,  es,  1,  ii.,  weather,  .^torm. 
■wedei'Avolcen,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  heavy 

cloudf  storm. 
wcg,  es,   1,  in.,  a  way  (on-wog, 

aicay). 
■Vt^egan,  wa?g,  wegen  (1),  to  hear, 

move. 
wela,  an,  4,  m.,  weal,  prosperity 

(pi.,  riches). 
iven,  ne,  2,  f.  (^vena,  an,  4,  m.), 

hope,  expectation. 
wenan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  hope,  iveen. 
■\vendan,  de,  ed  (G),  to  change, 

v:end,  interpret. 
w(e)oh-ges  (Avih),  1,  m.,  a  turn- 
ing, error,  idol. 
weorc,  es,  1,  n.,  loork,  grief.     G. 

waurki. 
weorc }>eo^v,    es,    1,    n.    (J>eowa, 

an,  4,  m.),  a  worl'-slave,  slave. 
\veo(u)r3'an,  AvearSf,  worden  ( 1 ), 

to  become,  happen. 
weori^mynd,    es,    ],    ri.,    honor, 

dignity. 
\veorpan:  see  wyrpan. 
Aver,  es,  1,  m.,  a  i)ian,  ItusJxuid. 
werbeain,  cs,  1,  n.,  race  of  man, 

mail,  'iiuirrliir. 
weri(ge)an.  Ode,  od  (G),  to  guard, 

hinder,  wear. 


\  werian,  ede,  ed  (G),  to  curse. 

werig,  adj.,  weary,  depjressed. 

Averig,  adj.,  wicked,  accursed. 

werod  (ud,  ed),  es,  1,  ii.,  a  Jiost, 
multitnde. 

■\ver]?eod,  e,  2,  f.,  a  nation,  people. 

wesan(be'bn),     ivaes,     gcwesen 
(irrei^. ),  to  be,  exist. 

west,  adv.,  \oestward,  loestern. 

Avesten,  es,  1,  n.,  a  icaste,  desert. 

westengryre,    es,    1,    m.,    desert- 
terror,  fear. 

Avic,  es,  1,  11.,  a  camp,  village.    G. 
Aveihs. 

wican,  -wac,  wicen  (2),  to  yield, 
give  u'ay. 

■wiceiingdoni,   es,    1,   m.,  magic, 
sorcery. 

wician.   Ode,   od   (G),    to    abide, 
dwell. 

Wicsteal,  es,  1,  m.,  a  camp,  mili- 
tary place. 

wid,  adj.,  wide. 

wide,  atU'.,  widely,  on  every  side. 

wide-ferhiiy,  adj.,  magnanimous ; 
adv.,  perpetually,  widely. 

wiiS",  prep.,  with,  against,  near. 

Avifferbreca,  an,  4,  m.,  an  enemy, 
adversary. 

wilSTaran,  for,  faren  (4),  to  es- 
cape. 

wif,  es,  1,  n.,  a  ^cife,  icoman. 

wig,  es,  1,  m.,  icar,  battle,  martial 
force. 

wiga,  an,  4,  m.,  a  soldier,  warrior. 

wigblae,  adj.,  war-pale,  alarmed. 

wigbord,  es,  1,  ii.,  a  tcar-board, 
.shield. 

Avigend,  es,  1,  ni.,  a  warrior. 

Avigle'blS',  es,  1,  n.,  a  war-song. 

wiglic,  adj.,  warlike,  martial. 

wigtrod,  c,  2,  f.,  an  exjoedition, 
army. 

wih(g)gyld,    es,    1,  u.,    an   idol, 
false  (/(>d. 


GLOSSARY. 


119 


wiht,  e,  2,  f.,  might,  anything. 

wild,  adj.,  IV ild,  fierce. 

wilddebr,  es,  1,  n.,  a  icilcl  beast, 
deer. 

Avilla,  an,  4,  m.,  ^ciU,  desire. 

wi(y)llan,  wolde  (irreg.),  to  will, 
wish. 

wilnian,  Ode,  od  {6),  to  idsh,  de- 
sire. 

win,  es,  1,  ii.,  ivine.     G.  wain. 

winburh,  (g")e,  2,  f.,  a  beloved  city. 

wind,  es,  1,  m.,  the  wind. 

w-indan,  Avand,  Aviinden  (1),  to 
v:ind,  roll,  turn. 

windig,  adj.,  icindy. 

windruncen,  adj.,  drunk  with 
wine,  drunken. 

Tvinelelis,  adj.,  friendless,  for- 
saken. 

winnan,  w^an(n),  wunnen  {I),  to 
war,  win. 

w^nsiim,  adj.,pZeas«»^,  winsome. 

winter,  es,  1,  m.,  winter,  a  year. 

Avinterbiter,  adj.,  very  cold,  bitter 
cold. 

win]>ege,  an,  4,  f.,  vnne-bibbing , 
drinking. 

wis,  adj.,  ivise.     G.  weis. 

wisa,  an,  4,  m.,  a  wise  man,  guide, 
leader. 

wisdom,  es,  1,  m.,  wisdom,  j^ru- 
dence. 

wis (i) an,  (6)de,  od  (6),  to  guide, 
instruct. 

Avislie,  adj.,  wise. 

Avislice,  adv.,  wisely. 

wist,  e,  2,  f .,  food,  repast,  plenty. 

"witan,  wiste  (wisse)  (irreg.),  to 
knoip,  understand.     G.  witan. 

%vite,  es,  1,  n.,  calamity,  x)unish- 
ment. 

witega,  an,  4,  m.,  a  prophet,  sooth- 
sayer. 

wite-rod,  e,  2,  f.,  a  rod  of  punish- 
ment. 


witian,  6dc,  od  (G),  to  appoint, 

prescribe. 
w^itig,  adj.,  wise. 
■\vitigdoin,    es,    1,   m.,    wisdom, 

knowledge. 
w^it(i)gian,  6de,   od,    to  foresee, 

prophesy. 
witod,  adj.,  appointed,  fated. 
-wlanc,  adj.,  j)ro?/cZ,  haughty. 
Avlanc,  e,  2,  f.  (w^Iance,  es,  1,  m.), 

jmde,  conceit  (wlenco,  e). 
wlite,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  appearance, 

beauty. 
wlite-scyne,    adj.,    beautiful    in 

face,  beautiful. 
wlitig,  adj.,  attractive,  beauteous. 
wlitigan,  ode,  od  (6),  tobeautify, 

adorn,  manifest. 
w^6d,  adj..  mad,  incensed. 
w^olc(e)n,  es,  1,  n.,  a  cloud.,  the 

icelkin. 
w^olcenfaru,    e,    2,    f.,    heaven's 

course,  a  cloud-way. 
worn,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  cc  spot.,  stain, 

sin. 
wOma,  an,  4,  m.,  terror,  tumult,' 

crash. 
won(n),  adj.,  wan,  pale. 
w6p,  es,  1,  m.,  weeping,  a  whoop. 
word,  es,  1,  d.,  a  word. 
AvordcAvyde,   es,    1,  m.,  a  word., 

command. 
wordgleliw,  adj.,  wise,  skilful  in 

speech. 
word-riht,  es,  1,  u.,  a  just  law, 

oral  law. 
worn,  es,  1,  n.,  a  number,  body. 
woruld     (w^eoruld),     e,     2,    f., 

world. 
Avoruldcraeft,    e,    2,    f.,    worldly 

craft,  skill. 
w^oriild-dre'ain,  es,  1,  m.,  icorldly 

Ml,  Ml- 
woriildgesceaft,  e,  2,  f .,  a  worldly 
creation,  creatures. 


120 


GLOSSARY 


wonildlif,  OS,  1,  n.,  icorldly  life, 
life. 

"worulclrieo,   es,    1,  n.,   a   world- 
kingdom,  world. 

woruldsped,  e,  2,  f,,  worldly  suc- 
cess, prosperity,  events. 

wTixiSy  adj.,  wroth,  angry. 

Avra(e)c,  e,  2,  f.,  exile,  evil. 

wraecca,     an,    4,    ni.,    an    exile, 
{wretch). 

wrseclie,  adj.,  strange,  wondrous. 

■\vr8ecino(a)n,  es,  1,  m.,  a  fugitive, 
an  exile. 

wrajst,  ra,  adj.,  gentle,  good. 

wraetlic,  adj.,  ornamental,  wonder- 
ful. 

wrecan,  wraec,  ■\vrecen    (1),  to 
avenge.,  chastise. 

wrec(ce),  adj.,  exiled,  loretched. 

w^ritan,  wrat,  writen  (2),  to  cut, 
engrave,  write. 

Avroht,  e,  2,  f .,  blame,  strife,  harm. 

•wudu,  a,  3,  ra.,  es,  1,  m.,  a  icood, 
wood. 

wudubeam,   es,    1,  ra.,   a  forest 
tree,  tree. 

Vvuldor,  es,  1,  m.,  n.,  glory,  honor. 

wuldorcyning,  es,  1,  m.,  king  of 
glory,  God. 

wuldorfsest,  adj.,  glorious. 

wuldorgesteald,    es,     1,    n.,    a 
heavenly  mansion,  wealth,  glory. 

wuldorhama,  an,  4,  m.,  a  cover- 
ing of  glory. 

wulf,  es,  1,  m.,  a  wolf    Used  as 
a  prefix. 

vviilflieort,     adj.,      cruel^     wolf- 
hearted. 

wunden,  adj.,  hent,  twisted. 

ivundor,  es,  1,  n.,  a  wonder,  sur- 
prise. 

wundorlic,        adj.,       wondrous, 
strange. 

%vunian.    Ode,   od   (G),   to    dwell., 
continue. 


wurffian  (\veor3'ian,  wurUigc- 
an).  Ode,  od  (G),  to  honor,  woi'- 
ship. 

Avuricrniynd,  e,  2,  f.,  dignity, 
honor. 

wyll,  es,  1,  m.  (wylla,  an,  4,  m., 
e,  an,  4,  f.),  a  well,  spring. 

wylm,  es,  1,  m.,  heat,  fire,  a  boil- 
ing. 

Avyn(n),  e,  2,  f.,  joy,  pleasure. 

wyrc(e)au,  Avorhte,  geworht 
(G),  to  work,  acquire. 

wyrd,  e,  2,  f.,  fate,  decree, 
destiny. 

wyrin,  es,  1,  m.,  a  loorm. 

wyrnan,  de  (0),  to  loarn,  re- 
fuse. 

Avyrresta :  see  yfel. 

Avyrpan,  te  (G),  to  cast  down, 
ovei'throw. 

-\vyrt,  Cf2,f.,aroot,  herb. 

wyrtruma,  an,  4,  ra.,  herb-room, 
a  root. 


Y. 

yean,  hte,  yht  (0),  to  increase. 
y3'(u),  e,  2,  f.,  a  icave,  flood. 
ylfflaf,    c,  2,  f.,  a  flood-remnant, 

survival. 
yfel,  wyrsa,  wyrst  (wyrresta), 

adj.,  evil.     G.  ubils. 
yld,  e,  2,  f.,  age. 
yldo  (iiidec),  age. 
yidra:  see  eald,  the  elder. 
yldran,  ena  (pi.),  4,  m.,  elders, 

ancestors. 
yldn,  e,  2,  f.,  age  (yldas,  men). 
ynib,  prep.,  about,  around. 
ymbhweo(y)rft,    es,     1,    m.,     a 

circuit,  world. 
yinb\vici(y)ean.  Ode,  od  (0),  to 

encamp  about,  to  dioell  around. 
ypping,  o,  2,  f.,  an  expanse. 


GLOSSARY. 


121 


yrfelaf,  e,  2,  f,,  an  inheritance, 

hereditary  remnant. 
yrfeweard,   es,    1,   m.,    an  heir, 

guardian. 
yrxfiS  (yrmiafo),  e,  2,  f.,  distress, 

misery. 


yrre,   adj.,   angry;    adv.,   angri- 

ywan,  de,  ed  (6),  to  reveal,  mani- 
fest. 


J.  S.  CusHiNG  8s  Co.,  Printers,  115  High  Street,  Boston. 


CORRIGENDA. 

page  7.  "Old  Saxon"  for  "old,  Saxon." 

8.  "Saxon  poetry"  for  "  Saxon  prose." 

10.  Omi^"Its  probable  date  is  731  a.d." 

10.  "  old  forms  "  for  "  Old  Saxon." 

11.  "  old  forms  "  for  "  Old  Saxon." 
11.  "follow "for  "follows." 

11.   Omit  "  first  notice  of  the." 


N   PREPARATION  : 


Library  of  Anglo-Saxon  Poetry. 


Prof.  James  A.  Harrison  of  Washington  and  Lee 
University,  Va.,  has  nearly  completed  his  arrangements 
with  prominent  Anglo-Saxon  scholars  for  the  issue  of 
select  annotated  Anglo-Saxon  texts,  with  notes  and 
glossaries,  for  the  use  of  students  in  American  univer- 
sities and  colleges.  Among  the  associated  editors  are 
Prof.  March  of  Lafayette  College,  Prof.  Price  of  Col- 
umbia College,  Prof.  Sharp  of  the  University  of  Louis- 
iana, Prof.  Baskervill  of  Vanderbilt  University,  and 
Prof.  Hunt  of  Princeton. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Prof.  R.  P.  Wiilcker,  editor 
of  Grein's  Bihliothek,  the  American  editors  are  the  sole 
persons  authorized  to  reproduce  Wiilcker's  revised  Grein 
in  this  country. 

Vol.  I.  Bedivulf^  by  the  editor-in-chief  and  Prof. 
Sharp,  is  now  ready ;  as  also  Vol.  IL  Csedmon's  Exodus 
and  Daniel,  by  Prof.  Hunt.  The  other  editorial  de- 
tails will  be  arranged  shortly.  Efforts  will  be  made 
to  select  representative  poems  (complete),  and  to  print 
them  in  such  a  form  as  to  make  them  easily  accessible. 
Among  other  things,  the  Library  will  embrace  Zupitza's 
edition  of  Elene,  Csedmon's  Genesis,  Grimm's  Andreas, 
and.  probably  Alfred's  Metres. 


The  Academy,  London :  We  are 
glad,  to  see  this  additional  witness  to 
the  interest  taken  in  tlie  study  of 
Anglo-Saxon  in  America.  It  con- 
trasts most  happily  with  the  apathy 
here,  where  all  publishers  think  that 
"  Anglo-Saxon  doesn't  pay,"  and 
would  as  soon  undertake  an  Urdu 
library  as  an  Anglo-Saxon  one.   Yet, 


surely,  a  volume  of  Modern  English 
translations  of  our  best  Anglo-Saxon 
pieces  would  pay  in  one  of  Bohn's 
libraries.  There  must  be  enough 
students  of  English  literature  who 
desire  to  know  what  its  earliest 
writers  thought  and  said. 
{March  17,  1883.) 


Of  tlie  Bedtculf  the  "  Cambridge  (England)  Review," 
Oct.  17,  1883,  says:  — 


"  Beside  the  text,  tliis  volume  con- 
tains a  brief  snniniary  of  the  poem, 
a  list  of  names,  with  many  references, 
and  a  full  and  careful  glossary. ,  .  The 
glossary  will  be  found  to  be  very  clear 
and  helpful,  as  not  only  the  literal 
meaning  of  the  word  is  given,  but 


also  their  special  meaning,  with  many 
references.  The  printing  throughout 
is  excellent,  and  the  head-lines  for 
each  division,  and  marks  of  quota- 
tion for  the  speeches,  are  very  use- 
ful in  helping  readers  to  follow  the 
drift  of  the  poem." 


Private  letters  from  Mr.  Henry  Sweet,  Mr.  Furnivall, 
Prof.  W.  W.  Skeat,  Prof.  Toller  of  the  Owens  College, 
Manchester,  and  many  other  scholars,  heartily  commend 
the  work. 


BOOKS  ON  ENGLISH  LITERATURE. 


ALLEN : 
ARNOLD : 
CARPENTER 

HARRISON : 
GARNETT : 
HUDSON  : 


LOUNSBURY 
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SPRAGUE : 


Intro.  Price. 

Guide  to  English  History $0.20 

English  Literature 1.30 

Anglo-Saxon  Grammar  and  Reader .60 

English  of  the  XlVth  Century 90 

Beowulf  and  Glossary 1.12 

Translation  of  Beowulf 1.00 

Harvard  Shakespeare 25.00 

Life,  Art,  and  Characters  of  Shakespeare  .    .    .  4.00 

School  Shakespeare .45 

English  in  Schools .25 

Three- Volume  Shakespeare per  vol.  1.20 

Expurgated  Family  Shakespeare 16.00 

Text-Book  of  Poetry 1.20 

Text-Book  of  Prose 1.20 

Pamphlet  Selections,  Prose  and  Poetry      ...  .24 

Classical  English  Reader .90 

Chaucer's  Parlament  of  Foules .40 

Craik's  English  of  Shakespeare .90 

Milton's  Paradise  Lost  and  Lycidas .45 

Selections  from  Lrving .32 


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